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Section 8 (housing)

This article is about the United States. For Section 8 in the United Kingdom, see Section 8 notice.

Section 8 of the Housing Act of 1937 (42 U.S.C. § 1437f), often called Section 8, as repeatedly amended, authorizes the payment of rental housing assistance to private landlords on behalf of low-income households in the United States. 68% of total rental assistance in the United States goes to seniors, children, and those with disabilities.[1] The U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development manages Section 8 programs.[2]

The Housing Choice Voucher Program provides "tenant-based" rental assistance, so a tenant can move from one unit of at least minimum housing quality to another. In 2022, of the 5.2 million American households that received rental assistance, approximately 2.3 million of those households received a Section 8 Housing Choice voucher.[1] Landlords are not required to participate in the voucher program. Some states have laws that prevent landlords from discriminating based on source of income. These laws are not applicable in all areas, and the program remains voluntary in most places.[3] The program also allows individuals to apply their monthly voucher towards the purchase of a home, with over $17 billion going towards such purchases each year.[citation needed] Voucher amounts vary depending on city or county, size of unit, and other factors.[4] Once individuals receive a voucher they have a limited amount of time, usually 2 to 4 months, to find a unit with a willing landlord that meets HUD housing standards. If they don't find housing, they lose their voucher and must apply again. As of 2010, the wait lists for Section 8 vouchers are very long—up to 10 to 20 years, and many city or county programs are permanently closed to new applicants.[5]

Voucher amounts are based on Fair Market Rents (FMRs) calculated in the area by the Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD).[6] Recently, a Small Area Fair Market Rents (SAFMRs) program was established to reduce the area that rents are based on to the area of zip codes in major metropolitan areas.[7]

Section 8 also authorizes a variety of "project-based" rental assistance programs, under which the owner reserves some or all of the units in a building for low-income tenants in return for a federal government guarantee to make up the difference between the tenant's contribution and the rent amount in the owner's contract with the government. A tenant who leaves a subsidized project will lose access to the project-based subsidy.

The United States Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) and the United States Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) have created a program called Veterans Affairs Supportive Housing (VASH), or HUD-VASH, which distributes roughly 10,000 vouchers per year at a cost of roughly $75 million per year to eligible homeless and otherwise vulnerable U.S. armed forces veterans.[8] This program was created in 2008 to pair HUD-funded vouchers with VA-funded services such as health care, counseling, and case management.[9]

  1. ^ a b "Federal Rental Assistance Fact Sheets". Center on Budget and Policy Priorities. 2019-05-08. Retrieved 2019-11-18.
  2. ^ Programs of HUD Archived 2015-11-20 at the Wayback Machine, HUD.
  3. ^ Thrush, Glenn (2018-10-12). "With Market Hot, Landlords Slam the Door on Section 8 Tenants". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2019-11-18.
  4. ^ Eberlin, Erin. "How Much Section 8 Will Pay a Landlord". The Balance Small Business. Archived from the original on 2018-10-13. Retrieved 2018-10-12.
  5. ^ Teater, Barbra Ann (December 2011). "A Qualitative Evaluation of the Section 8 Housing Choice Voucher Program: The Recipients' Perspectives". Qualitative Social Work: Research and Practice. 10 (4): 503–519. doi:10.1177/1473325010371242. ISSN 1473-3250. S2CID 144673116.
  6. ^ "Fair Market Rents | HUD USER". www.huduser.gov. Retrieved 2019-11-18.
  7. ^ "Small Area Fair Market Rents - HUD Exchange". www.hudexchange.info. Retrieved 2019-11-18.
  8. ^ "Fiscal Year 2013 Federal Government Homelessness Budget Fact Sheet" (PDF). United States Interagency Council on Homelessness. October 2015. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2014-05-21. Retrieved 2014-02-14.
  9. ^ VHA Office of Mental Health. "The Department of Housing and Urban Development and VA's Supportive Housing (HUD-VASH) Program – Homeless Veterans". va.gov. Archived from the original on 2014-02-15. Retrieved 2014-02-14.
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