Shanghai

Shanghai
上海
Municipality of Shanghai
Etymology: 上海浦 (Shànghăi Pǔ)
"The original name of the Huangpu River."
Map
Location of Shanghai Municipality in China
Location of Shanghai Municipality in China
Coordinates (People's Square): 31°13′43″N 121°28′29″E / 31.22861°N 121.47472°E / 31.22861; 121.47472
CountryChina
RegionEast China
Settledc. 4000 BCE[1][dubious ]
Establishment of
 - Qinglong Town

746[2]
 - Huating County751[3]
 - Shanghai County1292[4]
 - Municipality7 July 1927
Municipal seatHuangpu District
Divisions
 - County-level
 - Township-
level

16 districts
210 towns and subdistricts
Government
 • TypeMunicipality
 • BodyShanghai Municipal People's Congress
 • CCP SecretaryChen Jining
 • Congress ChairwomanHuang Lixin
 • MayorGong Zheng
 • Municipal CPPCC ChairmanHu Wenrong
 • National People's Congress Representation57 deputies
Area
 • Municipality6,341 km2 (2,448 sq mi)
 • Water697 km2 (269 sq mi)
 • Metro
14,922.7 km2 (5,761.7 sq mi)
Elevation4 m (13 ft)
Highest elevation118 m (387 ft)
Population
 (2022)[9]
 • Municipality26,875,500
 • Rank1st in China
 • Density4,200/km2 (11,000/sq mi)
 • Metro40,000,000
 • Metro density2,700/km2 (6,900/sq mi)
DemonymShanghainese
GDP[11]
 • Municipality¥4.481 trillion (13th)
$666.200 billion (nominal)
$1.107 trillion (PPP)
 • Per capita¥179,907 (2nd)
$26,747 (nominal)
$44,576 (PPP)
Time zoneUTC+08:00 (CST)
Postal code
200000–202100
Area code21
ISO 3166 codeCN-SH
 – GrowthDecrease -0.2%
HDI (2021)0.880[12] (2nd) – very high
License plate prefixes沪A, B, D, E, F, G, H, J, K, L, M, N
沪C (outer suburbs only)
AbbreviationSH / ()
City flowerYulan magnolia
LanguagesShanghainese
Standard Mandarin
Websiteshanghai.gov.cn

Shanghai[a] is one of the four direct-administered municipalities of China.[b] The city is located on the southern estuary of the Yangtze River, with the Huangpu River flowing through it. The population of the city proper is the third largest in the world, with 24.89 million inhabitants in 2021, while the urban area is the most populous in China, with 39.3 million residents. As of 2018, the Greater Shanghai metropolitan area was estimated to produce a gross metropolitan product (nominal) of nearly 9.1 trillion RMB ($1.33 trillion). Shanghai is one of the world's major centers for finance, business and economics, research, science and technology, manufacturing, transportation, tourism, and culture. The Port of Shanghai is the world's busiest container port.

Originally a fishing village and market town, Shanghai grew in importance in the 19th century due to both domestic and foreign trade and its favorable port location. The city was one of five treaty ports forced to open to European trade after the First Opium War which ceded Hong Kong to the United Kingdom, following the Second Battle of Chuenpi in 1841, more than 60 km (37 mi) east of the Portuguese colony of Macau that was also controlled by Portugal of the Luso-Chinese agreement of 1554. The Shanghai International Settlement and the French Concession were subsequently established. The city then flourished, becoming a primary commercial and financial hub of Asia in the 1930s. During the Second Sino-Japanese War, the city was the site of the major Battle of Shanghai. After the war, with the CCP takeover of the mainland in 1949, trade was limited to other socialist countries and the city's global influence would decline during the Cold War.

By the 1990s, economic reforms introduced by Deng Xiaoping a decade earlier resulted in an intense redevelopment and revitalization of the city, especially the Pudong New Area, aiding the return of finance and foreign investment. The city has since re-emerged as a hub for international trade and finance; it is the home of the Shanghai Stock Exchange, one of the largest stock exchanges in the world by market capitalization and the Shanghai Free-Trade Zone, the first free-trade zone in mainland China. Shanghai has been classified as an Alpha+ (global first-tier) city by the Globalization and World Cities Research Network and is known as the "New York of China."[17] As of 2022, it is home to 12 companies of the Fortune Global 500 and is ranked 4th on the Global Financial Centres Index. The city is also a global major center for research and development and home to many highly ranked Double First-Class Universities. The Shanghai Metro, first opened in 1993, is the largest metro network in the world by route length.

Shanghai has been described as the "showpiece" of the economy of China. Featuring several architectural styles such as Art Deco and shikumen, the city is renowned for its Lujiazui skyline, museums and historic buildings including the City God Temple, Yu Garden, the China Pavilion and buildings along the Bund, which includes Oriental Pearl Tower. Shanghai is also known for its sugary cuisine, distinctive local language and vibrant international flair. Shanghai ranks sixth in the list of cities with the most skyscrapers and it is one of the biggest economic hubs in the world.[18]

  1. ^ "The Shanghainese of 6000 Years Ago – the Majiabang Culture". Shanghai Qingpu Museum. Archived from the original on 4 January 2017. Retrieved 15 July 2017.
  2. ^ Cite error: The named reference kaogu was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  3. ^ New Book of Tang, vol. 41 (《新唐書·卷四十一》): "Huating County, a greater county, established in the tenth year of Tianbao (751), which splits the Jiaxing Prefecture". (華亭。上。天寶十載析嘉興置。)
  4. ^ 上海镇、上海县、上海县城考录 (in Chinese). Government of Shanghai. Archived from the original on 5 March 2016. Retrieved 10 November 2017.
  5. ^ "Doing Business in China – Survey". Ministry of Commerce of the People's Republic of China. Archived from the original on 26 May 2014. Retrieved 5 August 2013.
  6. ^ "Land Area". Basic Facts. Shanghai Municipal People's Government. Archived from the original on 3 October 2011. Retrieved 19 July 2011.
  7. ^ Cite error: The named reference waterresources was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  8. ^ Cite error: The named reference topo was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  9. ^ "Communiqué of the Seventh National Population Census (No. 3)". National Bureau of Statistics of China. 11 May 2021. Retrieved 11 May 2021.
  10. ^ "Major Agglomerations of the World – Population Statistics and Maps".
  11. ^ "National Data". National Bureau of Statistics of China. 1 March 2022. Retrieved 23 March 2022.
  12. ^ "Subnational Human Development Index". Global Data Lab China. 2021. Retrieved 9 April 2020.
  13. ^ Cox, W. (2018). Demographia World Urban Areas. 14th Annual Edition (PDF). St. Louis: Demographia. p. 22. Archived (PDF) from the original on 3 May 2018. Retrieved 15 June 2018.
  14. ^ "Shanghai". Lexico UK English Dictionary. Oxford University Press. Archived from the original on 29 September 2020.
  15. ^ Constitution of the Republic of China: Chapter I, Article 4 – "The territory of the Republic of China according to its existing national boundaries shall not be altered except by resolution of the National Assembly."
  16. ^ 陸委會網站管理員 (3 September 2010). "Act Governing Relations Between Peoples of the Taiwan Area and the Mainland Area".
  17. ^ "Shanghai and New York--Similar, But Different". China.org. Retrieved 1 February 2024.
  18. ^ TPBO (26 November 2023). "Shanghai City Profile: Economic Performance, Brand Strength". TPBO. Retrieved 14 March 2024.


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