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Togo

This article is about the African country. For other uses, see Togo (disambiguation).

Togolese Republic
République togolaise (French)
Motto: "Travail, Liberté, Patrie"[1] (French)
"Work, Liberty, Homeland"
Anthem: "Terre de nos aïeux" (French)
(English: "Land of our ancestors")
Location of Togo (dark blue) in the African Union (light blue)
Location of Togo (dark blue)

in the African Union (light blue)

Capital
and largest city
Lomé
6°8′N 1°13′E / 6.133°N 1.217°E / 6.133; 1.217
Official languages
Spoken languages
List:
Ethnic groups
other (5.6%)[2]
Religion
(2020)
Demonym(s)Togolese
GovernmentUnitary presidential republic under an authoritarian dictatorship[4][5][6][7][8]
• President
Faure Gnassingbé
Victoire Tomegah Dogbé
LegislatureNational Assembly
Independence from Germany and France
• from France
Togoland partitioned
• Independence granted
27 April 1960
27 August 1914
Area
• Total
56,785[9][10] km2 (21,925 sq mi) (123rd)
• Water (%)
4.2
Population
• 2023 estimate
8,703,961[11] (101st)
• 2022 census
8,095,498[12]
• Density
125.9/km2 (326.1/sq mi) (60th)
GDP (PPP)2023 estimate
• Total
Increase $25.103 billion[13] (151st)
• Per capita
Increase $2,767[13] (175th)
GDP (nominal)2023 estimate
• Total
Increase $9.111 billion[13] (157th)
• Per capita
Increase $1,004[13] (170th)
Gini (2015)Positive decrease 43.1[14]
medium
HDI (2021)Increase 0.539[15]
low (162nd)
CurrencyWest African CFA franc (XOF)
Time zoneUTC (GMT)
Date formatdd/mm/yyyy
Driving sideright
Calling code+228
ISO 3166 codeTG
Internet TLD.tg
  1. Such as Ewe, Mina and Aja.
  2. Largest are the Ewe, Mina, Kotokoli Tem and Kabyè.
  3. Mostly European, Indian & Syrian-Lebanese.
  4. Estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected.
  5. Rankings based on 2017 figures (CIA World Factbook – "Togo")

Togo,[a] officially the Togolese Republic,[b] is a country in West Africa. It is bordered by Ghana to the west, Benin to the east and Burkina Faso to the north.[16] It is one of the least developed countries and extends south to the Gulf of Guinea, where its capital, Lomé, is located.[16] It is a small, tropical country, which covers 57,000 square kilometres (22,000 square miles)[17] and has a population of approximately 8 million,[18] and it has a width of less than 115 km (71 mi) between Ghana and its eastern neighbour Benin.[19][20]

Various people groups settled the boundaries of present day Togo between the 11th and 16th centuries. Between the 16th and 18th centuries, the coastal region served primarily as a European slave trading outpost, earning Togo and the surrounding region the name "The Slave Coast". In 1884, Germany declared a region including a protectorate called Togoland. After World War I, rule over Togo was transferred to France. Togo gained its independence from France in 1960.[2][21] In 1967, Gnassingbé Eyadéma led a successful military coup d'état, after which he became president of an anti-communist, single-party state. In 1993, Eyadéma faced multiparty elections marred by irregularities, and won the presidency three times. At the time of his death, Eyadéma was the "longest-serving leader in modern African history", having been president for 38 years.[22] In 2005, his son Faure Gnassingbé was elected president.

Togo is a tropical, sub-Saharan nation[16] whose economy depends mostly on agriculture.[21] The official language is French,[21] but other languages are spoken, particularly those of the Gbe family. 47.8% of the population adhere to Christianity, making it the largest religion in the country.[23] Togo is a member of the United Nations, African Union, Organisation of Islamic Cooperation, South Atlantic Peace and Cooperation Zone, Francophonie, Commonwealth, and Economic Community of West African States.

  1. ^ "Constitution of Togo". 2002. Archived from the original on 14 February 2012. Retrieved 20 November 2011.
  2. ^ a b c "Togo". CIA World Factbook. Central Intelligence Agency. Retrieved 26 October 2017.
  3. ^ "National Profiles".
  4. ^ "Togo promises development, not democracy". The Economist. ISSN 0013-0613. Retrieved 5 January 2024.
  5. ^ Osei, Anja (17 November 2018). "Like father, like son? Power and influence across two Gnassingbé presidencies in Togo". Democratization. 25 (8): 1460–1480. doi:10.1080/13510347.2018.1483916. ISSN 1351-0347.
  6. ^ Democratic contestation on the margins: regimes in small African countries. Lanham, Md.: Lexington Books. 2015. ISBN 978-0-7391-9344-0.
  7. ^ Suleiman, Muhammad Dan (1 January 2018). "Protests in Togo: the Gnassingbe dynasty may fall next". Foreign Brief. Retrieved 5 January 2024.
  8. ^ "Togo's dynasty lives on". www.ips-journal.eu. 28 February 2020. Retrieved 5 January 2024.
  9. ^ "Togo country profile". BBC News. 24 February 2020. Retrieved 27 January 2021.
  10. ^ https://voyage.gouv.tg
  11. ^ "Togo". The World Factbook (2024 ed.). Central Intelligence Agency. Retrieved 22 June 2023.
  12. ^ "Togo-Les résultats définitifs du 5e RGPH". Icilome. 4 April 2023. Retrieved 1 September 2023.
  13. ^ a b c d "World Economic Outlook Database, October 2023 Edition. (Togo)". IMF.org. International Monetary Fund. 10 October 2023. Retrieved 19 October 2023.
  14. ^ "Gini Index". World Bank. Retrieved 16 July 2021.
  15. ^ "Human Development Report 2021/2022" (PDF). United Nations Development Programme. 8 September 2022. Retrieved 23 January 2023.
  16. ^ a b c "Republic of Togo". Islamic Development Bank. 18 November 1998. Retrieved 26 January 2021.
  17. ^ "Togo country profile". BBC News. 24 February 2020. Retrieved 27 January 2021.
  18. ^ "Togo country profile". BBC News. 24 February 2020. Retrieved 27 January 2021.
  19. ^ "World Population Prospects 2022". United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division. Retrieved 17 July 2022.
  20. ^ "World Population Prospects 2022: Demographic indicators by region, subregion and country, annually for 1950-2100" (XSLX) ("Total Population, as of 1 July (thousands)"). United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division. Retrieved 17 July 2022.
  21. ^ a b c "Togo (Partner) – International Cultural Youth Exchange". International cultural youth exchange. Retrieved 27 January 2021.
  22. ^ "Obituary: Gnassingbe Eyadema". (5 February 2005). BBC News. Retrieved 22 May 2007.
  23. ^ "Togo", The World Factbook, Central Intelligence Agency, 11 January 2023, retrieved 13 January 2023


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