U.S. Flammable Fabrics Act

U.S. Flammable Fabrics Act

Long title	An Act to prohibit the introduction or movement in interstate commerce of articles of wearing apparel and fabrics which are so highly flammable as to be dangerous when worn by Individuals, and for other purposes.
Acronyms (colloquial)	FFA
Nicknames	Flammable Fabrics Act
Enacted by	the 83rd United States Congress
Effective	June 3
Codification
Titles amended	15 U.S.C.: Commerce and Trade
U.S.C. sections created	15 U.S.C. ch. 25 § 1191 et seq.
Legislative history
Introduced in the House as H.R. 5069 by Charles A. Wolverton (R–NJ) on May 7, 1953 Committee consideration by House Energy and Commerce, Senate Interstate and Foreign Commerce Passed the House on June 3, 1953 (passed) Passed the Senate on June 18, 1953 (passed) Signed into law by President Dwight D. Eisenhower on June 30, 1953

The U.S. Flammable Fabrics Act is an act that was passed in 1953 to regulate the manufacture of highly flammable clothing.^[1][2] It was enacted after years of rayon viscose fabrics being proven to be the primary cause of quick starting, high temperature fires as well as having the secondary effect of causing illnesses in factory workers.^[3] Viscose is the key word when describing the chemical dangers of rayon fabrics, because a chemical named carbon disulfide is used to convert cellulose into a viscose fabric capable of being threaded together for clothing.^[3] This is an important distinction to make for the sake of clarity as cellulose fabrics are still commonly advertised as "green" in the sense that the fabric is derived from the cellulose in plants, but the introduction of carbon disulfide in the manufacturing process creates a reaction that is remarkably toxic to the workers who are developing and working with the fabric.^[3] There was also a series of tragic deaths in the 1940s caused by the highly flammable nature of the fabric involving children who were wearing long rayon pile cowboy chaps or brushed rayon sweaters.^[4] The Federal Trade Commission was initially placed as the enforcement authority but this responsibility was later transferred over to the Consumer Product Safety Commission in 1967 when the act was amended to include interior furnishings, paper, plastic, foam, and other materials used in wearing apparel and interior furnishings.^[5][6] A provision of the act makes willful violation a felony with maximum penalties of a $10,000 fine and 3 years in prison, which reflects how seriously the dangers of flammable fabrics were being taken.^[7] The Consumer Product Safety Commission was given the authority, under the U.S. Flammable Fabrics Act, to issue mandatory flammability standards.^[8] Flammability standards for clothing textiles, vinyl plastic film in clothing, carpets, rugs, children's sleepwear, mattresses, and mattress pads have all been established.^[8]