Back Joroeba (volk) Afrikaans يوروبا Arabic يوروبا ARZ Yoruba AST Yorubalar Azerbaijani یوروبالار AZB Ёруба (народ) Byelorussian Йоруба Bulgarian Joruba BS Йорубанууд BXR
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 A group of Yoruba people at a public event | |
| Total population | |
|---|---|
| c. ≈ 50,138,000 (2023)[a][1] | |
| Regions with significant populations | |
 Nigeria | 42,600,000 (2020)[2] |
 Benin | 1,600,000[3] |
 Ghana | 425,600[4] |
 Togo | 342,500[5] |
 United States | 207,052 (2022)[b][6] |
 Ivory Coast | 115,000 (2017)[7] |
 Niger | 80,700 (2021)[8] |
 Canada | 26,305 (2021)[c][9] |
 Sierra Leone | 16,578 (2022)[10] |
 Ireland | 10,100 (2011)[11] |
 Gambia | 8,477 (2013)[12] |
 Australia | 4,020 (2021)[13] |
 Finland | 1,273 (2022)[14] |
| Languages | |
| Religion | |
| [15][16][17] | |
| Related ethnic groups | |
| Person | Ọmọ Yorùbá |
|---|---|
| People | Ọmọ Yorùbá |
| Language | Èdè Yorùbá |
| Country | Ilẹ̀ Yorùbá |
| Part of a series on |
| Yorùbá people |
|---|
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The Yoruba people (US: /ˈjɒrəbə/ YORR-ə-bə,[24] UK: /ˈjɒrʊbə/ YORR-uub-ə;[25] Yoruba: Ìran Yorùbá, Ọmọ Odùduwà, Ọmọ Káàárọ̀-oòjíire)[26] are a West African ethnic group who mainly inhabit parts of Nigeria, Benin, and Togo. The areas of these countries primarily inhabited by the Yoruba are often collectively referred to as Yorubaland. The Yoruba constitute more than 48 million people in Africa,[27] are over a million outside the continent, and bear further representation among members of the African diaspora. The vast majority of the Yoruba population is today within the country of Nigeria, where they make up 20.7% of the country's population according to Ethnologue estimations,[28][29] making them one of the largest ethnic groups in Africa. Most Yoruba people speak the Yoruba language, which is the Niger-Congo language with the largest number of native or L1 speakers.[30]
In Africa, the Yoruba are contiguous with the Yoruboid Itsekiri to the south-east in the northwest Niger Delta, Bariba to the northwest in Benin and Nigeria, the Nupe to the north, and the Ebira to the northeast in central Nigeria. To the east are the Edo, Ẹsan, and Afemai groups in mid-western Nigeria. To the northeast and adjacent to the Ebira and northern Edo, groups are the related Igala people on the left bank of the Niger River. To the south are the Gbe-speaking Mahi, Gun, Fon, and Ewe who border Yoruba communities in Benin and Togo, to the west they are bordered by the Kwa-speaking Akebu, Kposo of Togo, and to the northwest, by the Kwa-speaking Anii, and the Gur speaking Kabiye, Yom-Lokpa and Tem people of Togo.[31] Significantly Yoruba populations in other West African countries can also be found in Ghana,[32][33][34] Benin,[32] Ivory Coast,[35] and Sierra Leone.[36]
Outside Africa, the Yoruba diaspora consists of two main groupings; the first being that of the Yorubas taken as slaves to the New World between the 16th to 19th centuries, notably to the Caribbean (especially in Cuba) and Brazil, and the second consisting of a wave of relatively recent migrants, the majority of whom began to migrate to the United Kingdom and the United States following some of the major economic and political changes encountered in Africa in the 1960s to 1980s.[37]
Cite error: There are <ref group=lower-alpha> tags or {{efn}} templates on this page, but the references will not show without a {{reflist|group=lower-alpha}} template or {{notelist}} template (see the help page).
- ^ Sare, Watimagbo (2023). "Total population of the Yoruba people". Joshuaproject.net. Retrieved 18 December 2023.
- ^ "Yoruba, a language of Nigeria". Ethnologue, languages of the World. Ethnologue: Languages of the World, 25th edition; Simons, Gary F. and Charles D. Fennig. 2022. Archived from the original on 7 December 2023. Retrieved 12 December 2023.
- ^ "Beninese Culture - Yoruba 12.3%". Beninembassy.us. Retrieved 29 October 2021.
- ^ "Middlesex University Research Repository, Introduction to the Ethno-Geographic origins of modern Ghana (The Yoruba 1.3%)" (PDF). Amoah, Michael (2001) Ethnonationalism versus political nationalism in Ghanaian electoral politics 1996-2000. PhD thesis, Middlesex University. 2001. Archived from the original (PDF) on 22 February 2023. Retrieved 13 December 2022.
- ^ "République Togolaise (ifè:1.8 %, Yorouba: 1,4 %, Kambole/Nago: 0.7%. Total Yoruba; 3.9%)". Université Laval. 2014. Retrieved 13 December 2022.
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
United States Census Bureauwas invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ "Yoruba, a language of Cote D'Ivoire (Leclerc 2017c)". Ethnologue, languages of the World. Ethnologue: Languages of the World, 21st edition; Simons, Gary F. and Charles D. Fennig. 2017. Archived from the original on 26 May 2019. Retrieved 28 March 2019.
- ^ "Yoruba". Ethnologue. Retrieved 13 December 2023.
- ^ "2021 Canadian Population census, Language spoken at home". 11 May 2021. Retrieved 29 August 2022.
- ^ "Country profile: FGM in Sierra Leone, June 2014. The Krio are estimated to make up 2% of the Sierra Leonian population. Among the Krio, the overwhelmingly muslim Oku/Aku make up 15% and are almost exclusively of Yoruba descent" (PDF). 28toomany.org.
- ^ "Profile 6 - Migration and Diversity" (PDF). Central Statistics Office. October 2012. Retrieved 4 September 2021.
- ^ "Distribution of the Gambian population by ethnicity 1973,1983,1993,2003 and 2013 Censuses – GBoS - Yoruba as 'Aku Marabout', who are basically Yoruba Muslims". www.gbosdata.org. Archived from the original on 19 November 2021. Retrieved 17 June 2021.
- ^ "SBS Australian Census Explorer: 4,020 Yoruba language speakers". sbs.com.au.
- ^ "11rl -- Language according to age and sex by region, 1990-2020. Yoruba; 1,273 speakers". Statistics Finland. Retrieved 17 December 2022.
- ^ "Research note: Exploring survey data for historical and anthropological research: Muslim–Christian relations in south-west Nigeria | Oxford Academic". Academic.oup.com. Retrieved 14 February 2022.
- ^ Nolte, Insa; Jones, Rebecca; Taiyari, Khadijeh; Occhiali, Giovanni (July 2016). "Research note: Exploring survey data for historical and anthropological research: Muslim–Christian relations in south-west Nigeria". African Affairs. 115 (460): 541–561. doi:10.1093/afraf/adw035.
- ^ Moshood, Busari (20 February 2017). GRIN - Identity conflicts among Yoruba Muslim groups in selected states of Nigeria. GRIN Verlag. ISBN 978-3-668-39964-8.
{{cite book}}:|website=ignored (help) - ^ "Raceandhistory.com - Nigeria: The Edo of Benin". raceandhistory.com.
- ^ Lloyd, P. C. (1963). "The Itsekiri in the Nineteenth Century; an Outline Social History". The Journal of African History. 4 (2): 207–231. doi:10.1017/S0021853700004035. JSTOR 179535. S2CID 162964674.
- ^ Oyèláràn, Ọlásopé O. (May 2018). "Oríta Borgu: the Yorùbá and the Bààtonu down the ages". Africa. 88 (2): 238–266. doi:10.1017/S0001972017000900. ISSN 0001-9720. S2CID 150028429.
- ^ Francesco Montinaro; George B.J. Busby; Vincenzo L. Pascali; Simon Myers; Garrett Hellenthal; Cristian Capelli (24 March 2015). "Unravelling the hidden ancestry of American admixed populations". Nature Communications. 6: 6596. Bibcode:2015NatCo...6.6596M. doi:10.1038/ncomms7596. PMC 4374169. PMID 25803618.
- ^ Falola, Toyin (2016). Encyclopedia of the Yoruba. Bloomington: Indiana University Press. pp. 95–96. ISBN 978-0-253-02144-1.
- ^ "The Vitality of Yoruba Culture in the Americas" (PDF). 2020.
- ^ "Yoruba". Merriam-Webster. Retrieved 8 December 2022.
- ^ Laurie Bauer, 2007, The Linguistics Student's Handbook, Edinburgh
- ^ "The formation of Yoruba Nation and the challenge of leadership since Pre-Colonial Era, Pg 8". research gate.net. Retrieved 30 October 2021.
- ^ Sare, Watimagbo (2023). "Total population of the Yoruba people". Joshuaproject.net. Retrieved 18 December 2023.
- ^ "Yoruba, a language of Nigeria". Ethnologue, languages of the World. Ethnologue: Languages of the World, 25th edition; Simons, Gary F. and Charles D. Fennig. 2022. Archived from the original on 7 December 2023. Retrieved 23 December 2023.
- ^ Sare, Watimagbo (2020). "Population, total - Nigeria (2020)". world bank.org. Retrieved 23 December 2023.
- ^ Bendor-Samuel, John T. "Benue-Congo languages". Encyclopædia Britannica.
- ^ "Ethno-linguistic map of Togo. The Ana (Ife) Yoruba group occupy the central-east portions of the country".
- ^ a b Jacob Oluwatayo Adeuyan (12 October 2011). Contributions of Yoruba people in the Economic & Political Developments of Nigeria. Authorhouse. p. 72. ISBN 978-1-4670-2480-8.
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
randwas invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Jeremy Seymour Eades (1994). Strangers and Traders: Yoruba Migrants, Markets, and the State in Northern Ghana Volume 11 of International African library. Africa World Press. ISBN 978-0-86543-419-6. ISSN 0951-1377 – via International African Library.
- ^ "Ivory Coast country profile". BBC News. 15 January 2019. Retrieved 20 May 2020.
- ^ National African Language Resource Center. "Yoruba" (PDF). Indiana University. Archived from the original (PDF) on 15 February 2017. Retrieved 3 March 2014.
- ^ Akinrinade and Ogen, Sola and Olukoya (2011). "Historicising the Nigerian Diaspora: Nigerian Migrants and Homeland Relations" (PDF). Turkish Journal of Politics. 2 (2): 15.