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3G refers to the third-generation of cellular network technology. These networks were rolled out beginning in the early 2000s and represented a significant advancement over the second-generation (2G), particularly in terms of data transfer speeds and mobile internet capabilities. The major 3G standards are UMTS (developed by 3GPP, succeeding GSM) and CDMA2000 (developed by Qualcomm, succeeding cdmaOne);[1][2] both of these are based on the IMT-2000 specifications established by the International Telecommunication Union (ITU).
While 2G networks such as GPRS and EDGE supported limited data services, 3G introduced significantly higher-speed mobile internet and enhanced multimedia capabilities, in addition to improved voice quality.[3] It provided moderate internet speeds suitable for general web browsing and multimedia content including video calling and mobile TV,[3] supporting services that provide an information transfer rate of at least 144 kbit/s.[4][5]
Later 3G releases, often referred to as 3.5G (HSPA) and 3.75G (HSPA+) as well as EV-DO, introduced important improvements, enabling 3G networks to offer mobile broadband access with speeds ranging from several Mbit/s up to 42 Mbit/s.[6] These updates improved the reliability and speed of internet browsing, video streaming, and online gaming, enhancing the overall user experience for smartphones and mobile modems in comparison to earlier 3G technologies. 3G was later succeeded by 4G technology, which provided even higher data transfer rates and introduced advancements in network performance.
- ^ "Mobility and Session Management: UMTS vs. CDMA2000" (PDF). IEEE Wireless Communications. August 2004.
- ^ Nunno, Richard (September 2003). "Migration to 3G Technology Standards: A Comparison of Selected Countries" (PDF). FCC.
- ^ a b "All about the Technology=2011-04-04". itu.int. Retrieved 17 August 2019.
- ^ "3G CELLULAR STANDARDS WITH PATENTS". projectsatbangalore.com. 24 June 2014. Retrieved 17 August 2019.
- ^ "3G vs. 4G: What's the Difference?". PC Magazine. 10 February 2015. Retrieved 17 August 2019.
- ^ "HSPA - About Us". GSMA. 9 July 2017. Archived from the original on 9 July 2017. Retrieved 29 November 2024.