Back الزراعة الضوئية Arabic Agrivoltaica Catalan Agrovoltaika Czech Agri-Photovoltaik German Αγροβολταϊκά Greek Agrivoltaiko Esperanto Agrovoltaica Spanish اگری ولتاییک Persian Agrivoltaïque French Agrofotovoltaikus rendszerek Hungarian
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Agrivoltaics (agrophotovoltaics, agrisolar, or dual-use solar) is the dual use of land for solar energy and agriculture.[2][3][4] The technique was first conceived by Adolf Goetzberger and Armin Zastrow in 1981.[5]
Many agricultural activities can be combined with solar, including plant crops, livestock, greenhouses, and wild plants to provide pollinator support.[6] Agrivoltaic systems can include solar panels between crops, elevated above crops, or on greenhouses.
Solar panels help plants to retain moisture and lower temperatures,[7] and can provide shelter for livestock animals. The dual use of land can also provide a diversified income stream for farmers.
Solar panels block light, which means that the design of dual use systems can require trade-offs between optimizing crop yield, crop quality, and energy production.[8] Some crops and livestock benefit from the increased shade, lessening or even eliminating the trade-off.[9]
- ^ "Vertical solar panels could save farm land and transform agriculture". 10 February 2023.
- ^ Dinesh, Harshavardhan; Pearce, Joshua M. (2016). "The potential of agrivoltaic systems" (PDF). Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews. 54: 299–308. Bibcode:2016RSERv..54..299D. doi:10.1016/j.rser.2015.10.024. S2CID 109953748.
- ^ Faustino Ferreira, Rafael; Marques Lameirinhas, Ricardo A.; P. Correia V. Bernardo, Catarina; N. Torres, João Paulo; Santos, Marcelino (2024). "Agri-PV in Portugal: How to combine agriculture and photovoltaic production". Energy for Sustainable Development. 79. Bibcode:2024ESusD..7901408F. doi:10.1016/j.esd.2024.101408.
- ^ Soto-Gómez, Diego (August 2024). "Integration of Crops, Livestock, and Solar Panels: A Review of Agrivoltaic Systems". Agronomy. 14 (8): 1824. Bibcode:2024Agron..14.1824S. doi:10.3390/agronomy14081824. ISSN 2073-4395.
- ^ Goetzberger, A.; Zastrow, A. (1 January 1982). "On the Coexistence of Solar-Energy Conversion and Plant Cultivation". International Journal of Solar Energy. 1 (1): 55–69. Bibcode:1982IJSE....1...55G. doi:10.1080/01425918208909875. ISSN 0142-5919.
- ^ Casey, Tina (25 March 2024). "The Agrivoltaic Juggernaut: A 21st Century Agricultural Revolution". CleanTechnica. Retrieved 2 April 2024.
- ^ Barron-Gafford, Greg A.; Murphy, Patrick; Salazar, Alyssa; Lepley, Kai; Rouini, Nesrine; Barnett-Moreno, Isaiah; Macknick, Jordan E. (6 June 2025). "Agrivoltaics as a climate-smart and resilient solution for midday depression in photosynthesis in dryland regions". npj Sustainable Agriculture. 3 (1): 1–11. doi:10.1038/s44264-025-00073-1. ISSN 2731-9202.
- ^ "A New Vision for Farming: Chickens, Sheep, and ... Solar Panels". EcoWatch. 28 April 2020. Retrieved 19 July 2020.
- ^ Kamadi, Geoffrey (22 February 2022). "Kenya to use solar panels to boost crops by 'harvesting the sun twice'". The Guardian.