Back Арнауҭтәыла Abkhazian Albania ACE Албание ADY Albanië Afrikaans Albanien ALS አልባኒያ Amharic Arpaniya AMI Albania AN Albania ANG Alibania ANN
Republic of Albania Republika e Shqipërisë (Albanian) | |
|---|---|
| Motto: Ti Shqipëri, më jep nder, më jep emrin Shqipëtar "You Albania, you give me honour, you give me the name Albanian" | |
| Anthem: "Himni i Flamurit" "Hymn to the Flag" | |
 Location of Albania (green) in Europe (dark grey) | |
| Capital and largest city | Tirana 41°19′N 19°49′E / 41.317°N 19.817°E |
| Official languages | Albanian |
| Recognised minority languages | |
| Ethnic groups | |
| Religion (2023)[2] |
|
| Demonym(s) | Albanian |
| Government | Unitary parliamentary republic |
| Bajram Begaj | |
| Edi Rama | |
| Elisa Spiropali | |
| Legislature | Kuvendi |
| Establishment history | |
| 1190 | |
| 12th–15th centuries | |
| February 1272 | |
| 1368 | |
| 2 March 1444 | |
| 1757/1787 | |
| 10 June 1878 | |
| 28 November 1912 | |
| 29 July 1913 | |
| 31 January 1925 | |
| 1 September 1928 | |
| 10 January 1946 | |
| 28 December 1976 | |
• 4th Republic of Albania | 29 April 1991 |
| 28 November 1998 | |
| Area | |
• Total | 28,748 km2 (11,100 sq mi) (140th) |
• Water (%) | 4.7 |
| Population | |
• 2023 census | 2,402,113[3] (142nd) |
• Density | 83.6[3]/km2 (216.5/sq mi) |
| GDP (PPP) | 2025 estimate |
• Total |  $63.080 billion[4] (118th) |
• Per capita | $23,404[4] (80th) |
| GDP (nominal) | 2025 estimate |
• Total | $28.372 billion[4] (125th) |
• Per capita | $10,526[4] (79th) |
| Gini (2021) |  33.0[5]medium inequality |
| HDI (2023) | 0.810[6] very high (71st) |
| Currency | Lek (ALL) |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
• Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |
| Calling code | +355 |
| ISO 3166 code | AL |
| Internet TLD | .al |
Albania (/ælˈbeɪniə, ɔːl-/ ⓘ a(w)l-BAY-nee-ə; Albanian: Shqipëri or Shqipëria),[b] officially the Republic of Albania (Albanian: Republika e Shqipërisë),[c] is a country in Southeast Europe. It is located in the Balkans, on the Adriatic and Ionian Seas within the Mediterranean Sea, and shares land borders with Montenegro to the northwest, Kosovo to the northeast, North Macedonia to the east and Greece to the south. With an area of 28,748 km2 (11,100 sq mi), it has a varied range of climatic, geological, hydrological and morphological conditions. Albania's landscapes range from rugged snow-capped mountains in the Albanian Alps and the Korab, Skanderbeg, Pindus and Ceraunian Mountains, to fertile lowland plains extending from the Adriatic and Ionian seacoasts. Tirana is the capital and largest city in the country, followed by Durrës, Vlorë, and Shkodër.
Albania was inhabited by several Illyrian tribes, among them the Ardiaei, Bylliones, Dassaretii, Enchele, and Taulantians, with the Chaonians settled in the southwest. Several colonies were founded by the Ancient Greeks along the Albanian coast, most notably Apollonia. The Illyrians were the dominant power in Albania before the rise of Macedon.[8] Following the Illyrian Wars, Albania was integrated into the Roman Empire and remained in the Byzantine Empire after its partition. During the Middle Ages, several Albanian principalities emerged, most notably the Principality of Arbanon, Kingdom of Albania, Principality of Albania and Albania Veneta. In the 15th century, Albania became a center of resistance against Ottoman expansion under the leadership of Gjergj Kastrioti Skanderbeg, whose military campaigns repelled Ottoman advances for over two decades. Although incorporated into the Ottoman Empire, Albania retained distinct cultural and social identities throughout four centuries of foreign rule, culminating in the Albanian Renaissance in the 19th century. Albania declared independence in 1912, followed by a turbulent 20th century marked by monarchy, foreign occupation during both World Wars, and a repressive communist regime under Enver Hoxha.[9]
Since its independence in 1912, Albania has undergone diverse political evolution, transitioning from a monarchy to a communist regime before becoming a sovereign parliamentary constitutional republic. Governed by a constitution prioritising the separation of powers, the country's political structure includes a parliament, a ceremonial president, a functional prime minister and a hierarchy of courts. Albania is a developing country with an upper-middle income economy driven by the service sector, with manufacturing and tourism, which attracted over 11 million visitors in 2024, also playing significant roles.[10] After the dissolution of its communist system the country shifted from centralised planning to an open market economy. Albanian citizens have universal health care access and free primary and secondary education. The country is an official candidate for membership in the European Union and has been negotiating accession since 2022.
Cite error: There are <ref group=lower-alpha> tags or {{efn}} templates on this page, but the references will not show without a {{reflist|group=lower-alpha}} template or {{notelist}} template (see the help page).
- ^ "CENSI I POPULLSISË DHE BANESAVE NË SHQIPËRI 2023" (PDF). www.instat.gov.al.
- ^ 2023 Albanian census 2024, p. 76.
- ^ a b 2023 Albanian census 2024, p. 105.
- ^ a b c d "World Economic Outlook Database, April 2025 Edition. (Albania)". IMF.org. International Monetary Fund. 10 October 2023. Retrieved 11 October 2024.
- ^ "Gini coefficient of equivalised disposable income - EU-SILC survey". Eurostat. Archived from the original on 9 October 2020. Retrieved 28 March 2023.
- ^ "Human Development Report 2025" (PDF). United Nations Development Programme. 6 May 2025. Archived (PDF) from the original on 6 May 2025. Retrieved 6 May 2025.
- ^ Giacomo Jungg (1 January 1895). Fialuur i voghel scc...p e ltinisct mle...un prei P. Jak Junkut t' Scocniis ... N'Sckoder t' Scc...pniis. Retrieved 23 July 2016 – via the Internet Archive.
- ^ Howe, T. (2017). "Plain tales from the hills: Illyrian influences on Argead military development". In Müller, S.; Howe, Tim; Bowden, H.; Rollinger, R. (eds.). The History of the Argeads: New Perspectives. Wiesbaden. p. 108. ISBN 978-3447108515.
- ^ Zolo, D. (27 August 2002). Invoking Humanity: War, Law and Global Order. Continuum International Publishing Group. p. 180. ISBN 9780826456564.
- ^ "Albania". The World Bank. Archived from the original on 21 September 2014. Retrieved 13 September 2014.