Back مختبرات بل Arabic Bell Labs Azerbaijani Лаборатории „Бел“ Bulgarian বেল ল্যাবরেটরিজ Bengali/Bangla Bell Labs BS Laboratoris Bell Catalan Bellovy laboratoře Czech Bell Labs Danish Bell Laboratories German Bell Labs Esperanto
 Logo since 2023 | |
_(cropped).jpg) Bell Labs' headquarters in Murray Hill, New Jersey in 2012 | |
| Company type | Subsidiary |
|---|---|
| Industry | Telecommunication, information technology, material science |
| Founded | January 1925 (as Bell Telephone Laboratories, Inc.) |
| Headquarters | Murray Hill, New Jersey, U.S. |
| Parent |
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| Subsidiaries | Nokia Shanghai Bell |
| Website | bell-labs.com |
Bell Labs[b] is an American industrial research and development (R&D) company, currently operating as a subsidiary of Finnish technology company Nokia. With a long history, Bell Labs is credited with the development of radio astronomy, the transistor, the laser, the photovoltaic cell, the charge-coupled device (CCD), information theory, the Unix operating system, and the programming languages B, C, C++, S, SNOBOL, AWK, AMPL, and others, throughout the 20th century. Eleven Nobel Prizes and five Turing Awards have been awarded for work completed at Bell Laboratories.[1]
The laboratory began in the late 19th century as the Western Electric Engineering Department, located at 463 West Street in New York City. After years of conducting research and development under Western Electric, a Bell subsidiary, the Engineering Department was reformed into Bell Telephone Laboratories in 1925 and placed under the shared ownership of Western Electric and the American Telephone and Telegraph Company (AT&T). In the 1960s, laboratory and company headquarters were moved to Murray Hill, New Jersey. Its alumni during this time include people like William Shockley, Dennis Ritchie, Claude Shannon and Willard Boyle.
Bell Labs became a subsidiary of AT&T Technologies in 1984 after the Bell System was broken up. After the breakup, its funding greatly declined.[2][3] In 1996, AT&T Technologies was spun off and renamed to Lucent Technologies, who used the Murray Hill site as their headquarters. Bell Laboratories was split as well, with part of it going to AT&T as AT&T Laboratories. In 2006, Lucent merged with French telecommunications company Alcatel to form Alcatel-Lucent, which was in turn acquired by Nokia in 2016.
Cite error: There are <ref group=lower-alpha> tags or {{efn}} templates on this page, but the references will not show without a {{reflist|group=lower-alpha}} template or {{notelist}} template (see the help page).
- ^ "2018 Nobel Prize in Physics laureate Arthur Ashkin delivers his Nobel Lecture at Nokia Bell Labs". Nokia. Archived from the original on April 7, 2022. Retrieved April 9, 2020.
- ^ Georgescu, Iulia (February 2022). "Bringing back the golden days of Bell Labs". Nature Reviews Physics. 4 (2): 76–78. Bibcode:2022NatRP...4...76G. doi:10.1038/s42254-022-00426-6. ISSN 2522-5820. PMC 8792522. PMID 35103251.
- ^ Brumfiel, Geoff (2008-08-01). "Bell Labs bottoms out". Nature. 454 (7207): 927. doi:10.1038/454927a. ISSN 1476-4687. PMID 18719552.