Back توزيعة برمجيات بيركلي Arabic BSD AST Berkeley Software Distribution Azerbaijani Berkeley Software Distribution BAR Berkeley Software Distribution Byelorussian Berkeley Software Distribution BE-X-OLD BSD Bulgarian বার্কলি সফটওয়্যার ডিস্ট্রিবিউশন Bengali/Bangla Berkeley Software Distribution BS BSD Catalan
| BSD | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Developer | Computer Systems Research Group |
| Written in | C |
| OS family | Unix |
| Working state | Discontinued |
| Source model | Originally source-available, later open-source |
| Initial release | March 9, 1978 |
| Final release | 4.4-Lite2 / June 1995 |
| Available in | English |
| Platforms | PDP-11, VAX, Intel 80386 |
| Kernel type | Monolithic |
| Userland | BSD |
| Influenced | 386BSD, NetBSD, FreeBSD, OpenBSD, DragonFly BSD, NeXTSTEP, Darwin |
| Influenced by | Unix |
| Default user interface | Unix shell |
| License | BSD |
The Berkeley Software Distribution[a] (BSD), also known as Berkeley Unix, is a discontinued Unix operating system developed and distributed by the Computer Systems Research Group (CSRG) at the University of California, Berkeley. First released in 1978, it began as an improved derivative of AT&T's original Unix developed at Bell Labs, based on the source code. Over time, BSD evolved into a distinct operating system and played a significant role in computing and the development and dissemination of Unix-like systems.[2][3]
BSD development was initially led by Bill Joy, who added virtual memory capability to Unix running on a VAX-11 computer.[3] During the 1980s, BSD gained widespread adoption by workstation vendors in the form of proprietary Unix distributions—such as DEC with Ultrix and Sun Microsystems with SunOS—due to its permissive licensing and familiarity among engineers. BSD also became the most widely used Unix variant in academic institutions, where it was used for the study of operating systems.[2] The BSD project received funding from DARPA until 1988,[3] during which time BSD incorporated ARPANET support and later implemented the TCP/IP protocol suite, released as part of BSD NET/1 in 1988.[4] By that time, the codebase had diverged significantly from the original AT&T Unix, with estimates suggesting that less than 5% of the code remained from AT&T. As a result, NET/1 was distributed without requiring an AT&T source license.[3][4]
Berkeley ended its Unix research in 1992, following reduced funding and complications arising from the Unix copyright lawsuit.[3] As the original BSD became obsolete, the term "BSD" came to refer primarily to its open-source descendants, including FreeBSD, OpenBSD, NetBSD, and DragonFly BSD. BSD-derived code also formed the basis for Darwin and TrueOS; these, in turn, have been incorporated into proprietary operating systems, including Apple's macOS and iOS,[5] as well as Microsoft Windows which used portions of BSD's TCP/IP implementation. Code from BSD's open descendants have themselves also been integrated into various modern platforms, including the system software for the PlayStation 5 and other embedded or commercial devices.[6]
- ^ "Why you should use a BSD style license for your Open Source Project". The FreeBSD Project. BSD (Berkeley Standard Distribution). Retrieved August 3, 2021.
- ^ a b Levitt, Jason; Schuman, Evan (June 22, 1992). "For BSD Unix, It's Sayonara". Open Systems Today.
- ^ a b c d e Harding, Elizabeth U. (October 19, 1992). "Unix pioneer ends BSD research". Software Magazine.
- ^ a b "A Brief History of Unix, BSD and FreeBSD". minnie.tuhs.org. Retrieved December 5, 2024.
- ^ "Apple Kernel Programming Guide: BSD Overview". Retrieved March 27, 2021.
- ^ "Kernel". PlayStation 5 Dev Wiki.
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