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Biome

One way of mapping terrestrial biomes around the world (except the Antarctic Tundra)

A biome (/ˈbaɪ.oʊm/) is a distinct geographical region with specific climate, vegetation, and animal life. It consists of a biological community that has formed in response to its physical environment and regional climate.[1] In 1935, Tansley added the climatic and soil aspects to the idea, calling it ecosystem.[2][3] The International Biological Program (1964–74) projects popularized the concept of biome.[4]

However, in some contexts, the term biome is used in a different manner. In German literature, particularly in the Walter terminology, the term is used similarly as biotope (a concrete geographical unit), while the biome definition used in this article is used as an international, non-regional, terminology—irrespectively of the continent in which an area is present, it takes the same biome name—and corresponds to his "zonobiome", "orobiome" and "pedobiome" (biomes determined by climate zone, altitude or soil).[5]

In the Brazilian literature, the term biome is sometimes used as a synonym of biogeographic province, an area based on species composition (the term floristic province being used when plant species are considered), or also as synonym of the "morphoclimatic and phytogeographical domain" of Ab'Sáber, a geographic space with subcontinental dimensions, with the predominance of similar geomorphologic and climatic characteristics, and of a certain vegetation form. Both include many biomes in fact.[6][7][8]

  1. ^ Bowman, William D.; Hacker, Sally D. (2021). Ecology (5th ed.). Oxford University Press. pp. H3–1–51 A. ISBN 978-1605359212.;
    Meira Neto, J. A. A. (Org.). Fitossociologia no Brasil: métodos e estudos de caso. Vol. 1. Viçosa: Editora UFV. pp. 44–85. [1] Archived 2016-09-24 at the Wayback Machine. Earlier version, 2003, [2] Archived 2016-08-27 at the Wayback Machine.
  2. ^ Cox, C. B.; Moore, P.D.; Ladle, R. J. (2016). Biogeography: an ecological and evolutionary approach (9th ed.). Hoboken: John Wiley & Sons. p. 20. ISBN 9781118968581. Archived from the original on 2016-11-26 – via Google Books.
  3. ^ Tansley, A.G. (1935). "The use and abuse of vegetational terms and concepts" (PDF). Ecology. 16 (3): 284–307. doi:10.2307/1930070. JSTOR 1930070. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-10-06. Retrieved 2016-09-24.
  4. ^ Box, E.O. & Fujiwara, K. (2005). Vegetation types and their broad-scale distribution. In: van der Maarel, E. (ed.). Vegetation ecology. Blackwell Scientific, Oxford. pp. 106–128, [3] Archived 2016-08-28 at the Wayback Machine.
  5. ^ Walter, H.; Breckle, S-W. (2002). Walter's Vegetation of the Earth: The Ecological Systems of the Geo-Biosphere. New York: Springer-Verlag. p. 86. ISBN 9783540433156. Archived from the original on 2016-11-27 – via Google Books.
  6. ^ Coutinho, L. M. (2006). "O conceito de bioma" [The biome concept]. Acta Botanica Brasilica (in Portuguese). 20 (1): 13–23. doi:10.1590/S0102-33062006000100002.
  7. ^ Batalha, M.A. (2011). "The Brazilian cerrado is not a biome". Biota Neotropica. 11: 21–24. doi:10.1590/S1676-06032011000100001.
  8. ^ Fiaschi, P.; Pirani, J.R. (2009). "Review of plant biogeographic studies in Brazil". Journal of Systematics and Evolution. 47 (5): 477–496. doi:10.1111/j.1759-6831.2009.00046.x. S2CID 84315246. Archived from the original on 2017-08-31.
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