Back اضطراب الكرب التالي للصدمة المعقد Arabic Ekstrem stressforstyrrelse Danish Komplexe posttraumatische Belastungsstörung German Trastorno de estrés postraumático complejo Spanish Trouble de stress post-traumatique complexe French הפרעה פוסט-טראומטית מורכבת HE Բարդ հետտրավմատիկ սթրեսային խանգարում Armenian Gangguan stres pascatrauma kompleks ID Disturbo da stress post-traumatico complesso Italian 複雑性PTSD Japanese

Complex post-traumatic stress disorder

Complex post-traumatic stress disorder
Other namesFormerly: Enduring personality change after catastrophic experience (EPCACE)
Potential causes of complex post-traumatic stress disorder
SpecialtyPsychiatry, clinical psychology
SymptomsHyperarousal, emotional over-stress, intrusive thoughts, emotional dysregulation, hypervigilance, negative self-beliefs, interpersonal difficulties, attention difficulties, anxiety, depression, somatization, dissociation
Duration> 1 month
CausesProlonged (or repetitive) exposure to a traumatic event or traumatic events
Differential diagnosisPost-traumatic stress disorder, borderline personality disorder, grief

Complex post-traumatic stress disorder (CPTSD, cPTSD, or hyphenated C-PTSD) is a stress-related mental disorder generally occurring in response to complex traumas[1] (i.e., commonly prolonged (or repetitive) exposure to a traumatic event (or traumatic events), from which one sees little or no chance to escape).[2][3][4]

War artist Thomas Lea's The Two-Thousand Yard Stare represents a soldier experiencing dissociation due to a traumatic war.

In the ICD-11 classification, C-PTSD is a category of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) with three additional clusters of significant symptoms: emotional dysregulation, negative self-beliefs (e.g., shame, guilt, failure for wrong reasons), and interpersonal difficulties.[5][6][3] C-PTSD's symptoms include prolonged feelings of terror, worthlessness, helplessness, distortions in identity or sense of self, and hypervigilance.[5][6][3] Although early descriptions of C-PTSD specified the type of trauma (i.e., prolonged, repetitive), in the ICD-11 there is no requirement of a specific trauma type.[7]

  1. ^ Cook A, Blaustein M, Spinazzola J, Van Der Kolk B (2005). "Complex trauma in children and adolescents". Psychiatric Annals. 35 (5): 390–398. doi:10.3928/00485713-20050501-05. S2CID 141684244.
  2. ^ Cite error: The named reference Brewin (2020) was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  3. ^ a b c World Health Organization (2022). "6B41 Complex post traumatic stress disorder". International Classification of Diseases, eleventh revision – ICD-11. Genova – icd.who.int.
  4. ^ Herman JL (30 May 1997). Trauma and Recovery: The Aftermath of Violence—From Domestic Abuse to Political Terror. Basic Books. ISBN 978-0-465-08730-3. Retrieved 29 October 2012.
  5. ^ a b Brewin CR, Cloitre M, Hyland P, Shevlin M, Maercker A, Bryant RA, et al. (December 2017). "A review of current evidence regarding the ICD-11 proposals for diagnosing PTSD and complex PTSD" (PDF). Clinical Psychology Review. 58: 1–15. doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2017.09.001. PMID 29029837. S2CID 4874961.
  6. ^ a b Cloitre M (2020). "ICD-11 complex post-traumatic stress disorder: simplifying diagnosis in trauma populations". British Journal of Psychiatry. 216 (3): 129–131. doi:10.1192/bjp.2020.43. PMID 32345416. S2CID 213910628.
  7. ^ National Center for PTSD (2024). Complex PTSD. https://www.ptsd.va.gov/understand/what/complex_ptsd.asp
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