Constantine I of Greece

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Constantine I
Constantine I in 1921
King of the Hellenes
First reign	18 March 1913 – 11 June 1917
Inauguration	21 March 1913
Predecessor	George I
Successor	Alexander
Prime ministers	See list Eleftherios Venizelos Dimitrios Gounaris Alexandros Zaimis Stephanos Skouloudis Alexandros Zaimis Nikolaos Kalogeropoulos Spyridon Lambros
Second reign	19 December 1920 – 27 September 1922
Predecessor	Alexander
Successor	George II
Prime ministers	See list Nikolaos Stratos Petros Protopapadakis Nikolaos Triantafyllakos
Born	(1868-08-02)2 August 1868 Athens, Greece
Died	11 January 1923(1923-01-11) (aged 54) Palermo, Italy
Burial	14 January 1923 Naples, Italy 22 November 1936 Royal Cemetery, Tatoi Palace, Athens, Greece
Spouse	Sophia of Prussia ​ (m. 1889)​
Issue	George II of Greece Alexander of Greece Helen, Queen Mother of Romania Paul of Greece Princess Irene, Duchess of Aosta Princess Katherine, Lady Katherine Brandram
Greek	Κωνσταντίνος Αʹ (Konstantínos I)
House	Glücksburg
Father	George I of Greece
Mother	Olga Constantinovna of Russia
Signature
Military career
Allegiance	Kingdom of Greece German Empire
Service / branch	Hellenic Army Imperial German Army
Rank	Field marshal
Unit	German Imperial Guard
Commands	Army of Thessaly Army of Epirus Commander-in-Chief of the Hellenic Army
Battles / wars	Greco-Turkish War (1897) Battle of Domokos Balkan Wars First Balkan War Battle of Sarantaporo Battle of Yenidje Battle of Bizani Second Balkan War Battle of Kilkis–Lachanas Battle of Doiran Battle of Demir Hisar Battle of Kresna Gorge Greco-Turkish War (1919–1922) Battle of Kütahya–Eskişehir

Constantine I (Greek: Κωνσταντίνος Αʹ, romanized: Konstantínos I; 2 August [O.S. 21 July] 1868 – 11 January 1923) was King of Greece from 18 March 1913 to 11 June 1917 and from 19 December 1920 to 27 September 1922. He was commander-in-chief of the Hellenic Army during the unsuccessful Greco-Turkish War of 1897 and led the Greek forces during the successful Balkan Wars of 1912–1913, in which Greece expanded to include Thessaloniki, doubling in area and population. The eldest son of George I of Greece, he succeeded to the throne following his father's assassination in 1913.

Constantine's disagreement with Prime Minister Eleftherios Venizelos over whether Greece should enter World War I led to the National Schism. Under Allied duress, the country was essentially split between the pro-Venizelos North and the royalist South, ushering in a protracted civil war.^[1] He forced Venizelos to resign twice, but in 1917 Constantine left Greece, after threats by the Entente forces to bombard Athens; his second son, Alexander, became king. After Alexander's death, Venizelos' defeat in the 1920 legislative elections, and a plebiscite in favor of his return, Constantine was reinstated. He abdicated the throne for the second and last time in 1922, when Greece lost the Greco-Turkish War of 1919–1922, and this time was succeeded by his eldest son, George II. Constantine died on 11 January 1923 in exile in Sicily, Italy, from heart failure and brain haemorrhage.