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| Counting rods | |||||||||
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| Chinese name | |||||||||
| Traditional Chinese | 算籌 | ||||||||
| Simplified Chinese | 算筹 | ||||||||
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| Alternative Chinese name | |||||||||
| Chinese | 算子 | ||||||||
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| Vietnamese name | |||||||||
| Vietnamese alphabet | que tính / toán trù | ||||||||
| Hán-Nôm | 𣠗併 / 算籌 | ||||||||
| Korean name | |||||||||
| Hangul | 산가지 / 산목 | ||||||||
| Hanja | 算가지 / 算木 | ||||||||
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| Japanese name | |||||||||
| Kanji | 算木 / 算籌 | ||||||||
| Hiragana | さんぎ / さんちゅう | ||||||||
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Counting rods (筭) are small bars, typically 3–14 cm (1" to 6") long, that were used by mathematicians for calculation in ancient East Asia. They are placed either horizontally or vertically to represent any integer or rational number.
The written forms based on them are called rod numerals. They are a true positional numeral system with digits for 1–9 and a blank for 0, from the Warring states period (circa 475 BCE)[1] to the 16th century.
- ^ Lay-Yong, Lam (1986). "The Conceptual Origins of our Numeral System and the Symbolic Form of Algebra". Archive for History of Exact Sciences. 36 (3): 183–195. ISSN 0003-9519.