Back معالجة بالتخليج الكهربائي Arabic علاج بالصدمات ARZ Elektrokonvulsiv terapiya Azerbaijani Elektrokrampftherapie BAR Електроконвулсивна терапия Bulgarian Teràpia electroconvulsiva Catalan Elektrokonvulzivní terapie Czech Elektrochokbehandling Danish Elektrokonvulsionstherapie German Ηλεκτροσπασμοθεραπεία Greek
| Electroconvulsive therapy | |
|---|---|
 MECTA spECTrum 5000Q with electroencephalography (EEG) in a modern ECT suite | |
| Other names | Electroshock therapy (historical)[1] |
| ICD-10-PCS | GZB |
| ICD-9-CM | 94.27 |
| MeSH | D004565 |
| OPS-301 code | 8-630 |
| MedlinePlus | 007474 |
Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is a psychiatric treatment that causes a generalized seizure by passing electrical current through the brain.[2] ECT is often used as an intervention for mental disorders when other treatments are inadequate. Conditions responsive to ECT include major depressive disorder, mania, and catatonia.[3]
The general physical risks of ECT are similar to those of brief general anesthesia.[4]: 259 Immediately following treatment, the most common adverse effects are confusion and transient memory loss.[3][5] Among treatments for severely depressed pregnant women, ECT is one of the least harmful to the fetus.[6]
The usual course of ECT involves multiple administrations, typically given two or three times per week until the patient no longer has symptoms. ECT is administered under anesthesia with a muscle relaxant.[7] ECT can differ in its application in three ways: electrode placement, treatment frequency, and the electrical waveform of the stimulus. Differences in these parameters affect symptom remission and adverse side effects.
Placement can be bilateral, where the electric current is passed from one side of the brain to the other, or unilateral, in which the current is solely passed across one hemisphere of the brain. High-dose unilateral ECT has some cognitive advantages compared to moderate-dose bilateral ECT while showing no difference in antidepressant efficacy.[8]
- ^ Bakalar N (September 14, 2021). "ECT Can Be a Good Treatment Option for Serious Depression". The New York Times.
- ^ Rudorfer MV, Henry ME, Sackeim HA (2003). "Electroconvulsive therapy" (PDF). In Tasman A, Kay J, Lieberman JA (eds.). Psychiatry (Second ed.). Chichester: John Wiley & Sons Ltd. pp. 1865–1901. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2007-08-10.
- ^ a b FDA. FDA Executive Summary. Prepared for the January 27–28, 2011 meeting of the Neurological Devices Panel Meeting to Discuss the Classification of Electroconvulsive Therapy Devices (ECT). Quote, p. 38: "Three major practice guidelines have been published on ECT. These guidelines include: APA Task Force on ECT (2001); Third report of the Royal College of Psychiatrists' Special Committee on ECT (2004); National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE 2003; NICE 2009). There is significant agreement between the three sets of recommendations."
- ^ "- Reports of the Surgeon General - Profiles in Science Search Results". profiles.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2025-04-10.
- ^ American Psychiatric Association, Committee on Electroconvulsive Therapy, Richard D. Weiner (chairperson), et al. (2001). The practice of electroconvulsive therapy: recommendations for treatment, training, and privileging (2nd ed.). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Publishing. ISBN 978-0-89042-206-9.
- ^ Pompili M, Dominici G, Giordano G, Longo L, Serafini G, Lester D, et al. (December 2014). "Electroconvulsive treatment during pregnancy: a systematic review". Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics. 14 (12): 1377–1390. doi:10.1586/14737175.2014.972373. PMID 25346216. S2CID 31209001.
- ^ "5 Outdated Beliefs About ECT". Psych Central.com. Archived from the original on 2015-04-25. Retrieved 2025-04-10.
- ^ Kolshus E, Jelovac A, McLoughlin DM (February 2017). "Bitemporal v. high-dose right unilateral electroconvulsive therapy for depression: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials" (PDF). Psychological Medicine. 47 (3): 518–530. doi:10.1017/S0033291716002737. PMID 27780482. S2CID 10711085. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2021-06-16.