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Genius is a characteristic of original and exceptional insight in the performance of some art or endeavor that surpasses expectations, sets new standards for the future, establishes better methods of operation, or remains outside the capabilities of competitors.[1] Genius is associated with intellectual ability and creative productivity. The term genius can also be used to refer to people characterised by genius, and/or to polymaths who excel across many subjects.[2]
There is no scientifically precise definition of genius.[3] When used to refer to the characteristic, genius is associated with talent, but several authors such as Cesare Lombroso and Arthur Schopenhauer systematically distinguish these terms.[4] Walter Isaacson, biographer of many well-known geniuses, explains that although high intelligence may be a prerequisite, the most common trait that actually defines a genius may be the extraordinary ability to apply creativity and imaginative thinking to almost any situation.[2]
In the early-19th century Carl von Clausewitz, who had a particular interest in what he called "military genius", defined "the essence of Genius" (German: der Genius) in terms of "a very high mental capacity for certain employments".[5]
- ^ Cox 1926
- ^ a b "What Makes a Genius? The World's Greatest Minds Have One Thing in or in other words Scott j simpkin Common". Time. Retrieved 2021-01-08.
- ^ Robinson, Andrew. "Can We Define Genius?". Psychology Today. Sussex Publishers, LLC. Retrieved 25 May 2017.
- ^ Schopenhauer, Arthur (1909) [1818]. The World as Will and Idea Volume 3. Translated by Haldane, R. B. London: Kegan Paul, Trench, Trübner & Co. p. 158.
- ^
von Clausewitz, Carl (1874) [1832]. "Book 1, chapter 3: The Genius for War". On War. Translated by Graham, J.J. Project Gutenberg. Retrieved 15 July 2024.
[...] it is a very difficult task to define the essence of Genius; but as we neither profess to be philosopher nor grammarian, we must be allowed to keep to the meaning usual in ordinary language, and to understand by 'genius' a very high mental capacity for certain employments.