Back حوكمة عالمية Arabic Governança mundial Catalan Global Governance German Gobernanza mundial Spanish حکمرانی جهانی Persian Gouvernance mondiale French Pemerintahan global ID Governance globale Italian グローバル・ガバナンス Japanese 세계 거버넌스 Korean
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Global governance refers to institutions that coordinate the behavior of transnational actors, facilitate cooperation, resolve disputes, and alleviate collective action problems.[1][2][3] Global governance broadly entails making, monitoring, and enforcing rules.[4] Within global governance, a variety of types of actors – not just states – exercise power.[4]
In contrast to the traditional meaning of governance, the term global governance is used to denote the regulation of interdependent relations in the absence of an overarching political authority.[5] The best example of this is the international system or relationships between independent states.
The concept of global governance began in the mid-19th century.[1] It became particularly prominent in the aftermath of World War I, and more so after the end of World War II.[1] Since World War II, the number of international organizations has increased substantially.[1] The number of actors (whether they be states, non-governmental organizations, firms, and epistemic communities) who are involved in governance relationships has also increased substantially.[1]
Various terms have been used for the dynamics of global governance, such as complex interdependence, international regimes, multilevel governance, global constitutionalism, and ordered anarchy.[6]
- ^ a b c d e Barnett, Michael N.; Pevehouse, Jon C.W.; Raustiala, Kal (2021), Pevehouse, Jon C. W.; Raustiala, Kal; Barnett, Michael N. (eds.), "Introduction", Global Governance in a World of Change, Cambridge University Press, pp. 1–47, doi:10.1017/9781108915199.001, ISBN 978-1-108-90670-8, S2CID 244865423
- ^ Young, Oran R. (1994). International Governance: Protecting the Environment in a Stateless Society. Cornell University Press. p. 54. ISBN 978-0-8014-8176-5.
- ^ Barnett, Michael; Duvall, Raymond (2004), Barnett, Michael; Duvall, Raymond (eds.), Power in global governance, Cambridge University Press, pp. 1–32, ISBN 978-0-521-84024-8
- ^ a b Lake, David A (2021). "The organizational ecology of global governance". European Journal of International Relations. 27 (2): 345–368. doi:10.1177/1354066120959407. ISSN 1354-0661. S2CID 224930498.
- ^ James N. Rosenau, "Toward an Ontology for Global Governance", in Martin Hewson and Thomas Sinclair, eds., Approaches to Global Governance Theory, SUNY Press, Albany, 1999.
- ^ Alter, Karen J. (2022). "The promise and perils of theorizing international regime complexity in an evolving world". The Review of International Organizations. 17 (2): 375–396. doi:10.1007/s11558-021-09448-8. ISSN 1559-744X. S2CID 245870740.