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Houston Stewart Chamberlain | |
|---|---|
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| Born | 9 September 1855 Southsea, Hampshire, England |
| Died | 9 January 1927 (aged 71) Bayreuth, Bavaria, Weimar Republic |
| Citizenship |
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| Spouses | |
| Father | William Charles Chamberlain |
| Relatives | Basil Hall Chamberlain (brother) |
Houston Stewart Chamberlain (/ˈtʃeɪmbərlɪn/; 9 September 1855 – 9 January 1927) was a British-German-French philosopher who wrote works about political philosophy and natural science.[1] His writing promoted German ethnonationalism, antisemitism, scientific racism, and Nordicism; he has been described as a "racialist writer".[2] His best-known book, the two-volume Die Grundlagen des neunzehnten Jahrhunderts (The Foundations of the Nineteenth Century),[3] published 1899, became highly influential in the pan-Germanic Völkisch movements of the early 20th century, and later influenced the antisemitism of Nazi racial policy. In the early 1920s, Chamberlain met and encouraged Adolf Hitler: he has been referred to as "Hitler's John the Baptist".[4]
Born in Hampshire, in 1884 he settled in Paris, and was later naturalised as a French citizen.[5] He emigrated to Dresden in adulthood out of an adoration for composer Richard Wagner. He married Eva von Bülow, Wagner's daughter, in December 1908, twenty-five years after Wagner's death.[notes 1] During World War I, Chamberlain sided with Germany against his country of birth. He took German citizenship in 1916.
- ^ Mitcham, Samuel W. Jr. (1996). Why Hitler?: The Genesis of the Nazi Reich. Westport, Connecticut: Praeger. p. 82. ISBN 978-0-275-95485-7.; citing Forman, James D. (1978) Nazism, New York. p. 14.
- ^ Biddiss, Michael (ndg) "Chamberlain, Houston Stewart" in Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
- ^ Chamberlain, Houston Stewart (1899), Die Grundlagen des neunzehnten Jahrhunderts (in German), Munich, Germany: F. Bruckmann, OCLC 27828004 Electronic copy is available from the Hathi Trust Digital Library (volume 1) and (volume 2).
- ^ Mitcham, Samuel W. Jr. (1996). Why Hitler?: The Genesis of the Nazi Reich. Westport, Connecticut: Praeger. p. 82. ISBN 978-0-275-95485-7.; citing Forman, James D. (1978) Nazism, New York. p. 14.
- ^ Mitcham, Samuel W. Jr. (1996). Why Hitler?: The Genesis of the Nazi Reich. Westport, Connecticut: Praeger. p. 82. ISBN 978-0-275-95485-7.; citing Forman, James D. (1978) Nazism, New York. p. 14.
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