Hubris

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Hubris (/ˈhjuːbrɪs/; from Ancient Greek ὕβρις (húbris) 'pride, insolence, outrage'), or less frequently hybris (/ˈhaɪbrɪs/),^[1] describes a personality quality of extreme or excessive pride^[2] or dangerous overconfidence and complacency,^[3] often in combination with (or synonymous with) arrogance.^[4] The term arrogance comes from the Latin adrogare, meaning "to feel that one has a right to demand certain attitudes and behaviors from other people". To arrogate means "to claim or seize without justification... To make undue claims to having",^[5] or "to claim or seize without right... to ascribe or attribute without reason".^[6] The term pretension is also associated with the term hubris, but is not synonymous with it.^{[7][need quotation to verify]}

According to studies, hubris, arrogance, and pretension are related to the need for victory (even if it does not always mean winning) instead of reconciliation, which "friendly" groups might promote.^[8] Hubris is usually perceived as a characteristic of an individual rather than a group, although the group the offender belongs to may suffer collateral consequences from wrongful acts. Hubris often indicates a loss of contact with reality and an overestimation of one's own competence, accomplishments, or capabilities. The adjectival form of the noun hubris/hybris is hubristic/hybristic.^[1]

The term hubris originated in Ancient Greek,^[9] where it had several different meanings depending on the context. In legal usage, it meant assault or sexual crimes and theft of public property,^[10] and in religious usage it meant emulation of divinity or transgression against a god.^[11]