Back فردانية Arabic Individualismu AST Fərdiyyətçilik Azerbaijani Індывідуалізм Byelorussian Індывідуалізм BE-X-OLD Kenapsi-napsian BEW Индивидуализъм Bulgarian ব্যক্তিস্বাতন্ত্র্যবাদ Bengali/Bangla Individualisme Catalan تاکەکەسێتی CKB
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Individualism is the moral stance, political philosophy, ideology, and social outlook that emphasizes the intrinsic worth of the individual.[1][2] Individualists promote realizing one's goals and desires, valuing independence and self-reliance, and advocating that the interests of the individual should gain precedence over the state or a social group, while opposing external interference upon one's own interests by society or institutions such as the government.[3] Individualism makes the individual its focus,[1] and so starts "with the fundamental premise that the human individual is of primary importance in the struggle for liberation".[4]
Individualism is often defined in contrast to communitarianism, collectivism and corporatism.[5][6]
Individualism has been used as a term denoting "[t]he quality of being an individual; individuality", related to possessing "[a]n individual characteristic; a quirk".[3] Individualism is also associated with artistic and bohemian interests and lifestyles where there is a tendency towards self-creation and experimentation as opposed to tradition or popular mass opinions and behaviors.[3][7] It is also associated with humanist philosophical positions and ethics.[8][9]
- ^ a b "individualism | Definition, History, Philosophy, Examples, & Facts | Britannica". www.britannica.com. Retrieved 2021-12-25.
- ^ Ellen Meiksins Wood. Mind and Politics: An Approach to the Meaning of Liberal and Socialist Individualism. University of California Press. 1972. ISBN 0-520-02029-4. p. 6
- ^ a b c ""individualism" on The Free Dictionary". Archived from the original on 2019-05-17. Retrieved 2009-12-21.
- ^ L. Susan Brown. The Politics of Individualism: Liberalism, Liberal Feminism, and Anarchism. Black Rose Books Ltd. 1993
- ^ Biddle, Craig (20 February 2012). "Individualism vs. Collectivism: Our Future, Our Choice". The Objective Standard. 7 (1).
- ^ Hayek, F.A. (1994). The Road to Serfdom. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press. pp. 17, 37–48. ISBN 0-226-32061-8.
- ^ Snyderman, George S.; Josephs, William (1939). "Bohemia: The Underworld of Art". Social Forces. 18 (2): 187–199. doi:10.2307/2570771. ISSN 0037-7732. JSTOR 2570771.
- ^ "The leading intellectual trait of the era was the recovery, to a certain degree, of the secular and humane philosophy of Greece and Rome. Another humanist trend which cannot be ignored was the rebirth of individualism, which, developed by Greece and Rome to a remarkable degree, had been suppressed by the rise of a caste system in the later Roman Empire, by the Church and by feudalism in the Middle Ages."The history guide: Lectures on Modern European Intellectual History"
- ^ "Anthropocentricity and individualism...Humanism and Italian art were similar in giving paramount attention to human experience, both in its everyday immediacy and in its positive or negative extremes...The human-centredness of Renaissance art, moreover, was not just a generalized endorsement of earthly experience. Like the humanists, Italian artists stressed the autonomy and dignity of the individual.""Humanism" on Encyclopædia Britannica