The j-QAF programme (an acronym for Jawi, al-Quran, Arabic, and Fardu Ain) is an Islamic religious education initiative for schools in Malaysia. The concept for the j-QAF programme, proposed by Abdullah Ahmad Badawi in December 2003, aimed to strengthen the teaching of Islamic education in schools. At the time, Abdullah had just succeeded Mahathir Mohamad as Prime Minister. The programme was piloted in April 2004 following a planning seminar held in March 2004, before being fully implemented in 2005 by the Ministry of Education of Malaysia.[1]