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July massacre

This article is about mass killing committed by the Hasina administration in 2024. For the related movement, see Student–People's uprising.
July massacre
Part of July Revolution
Two protesters killed in a clash between police, Chhatra League, and demonstrators in Dhaka.
Native nameজুলাই গণহত্যা
LocationBangladesh
Date16 July 2024 – 5 August 2024
(2 weeks and 6 days)
Attack type
Massacre
Weapons
Deaths1,000+ (MOHFW estimate)[1]

1,400+ (OHCHR estimate)[2]

1,581 (SAD estimate)[3]
Injured20,000+ (including children)[a]
Victims
  • Student protesters
  • Political opposition
  • Civilians
Perpetrator
Assailants
MotiveSuppression of the Quota Reform Movement[21]
InquiryInternational Crimes Tribunal
OHCHR FFTB report
Part of a series on the
July Revolution
July Revolution at the University of Dhaka
History
Organisations
People
Aftermath
Deaths
Legacy

The July massacre[b] (Bengali: জুলাই গণহত্যা, romanized: Julāi Gôṇôhôtyā) was the violent suppression and mass killings in Bangladesh during the July Revolution from July 16 to August 5, 2024. Triggered by the reinstatement of a controversial quota system and widespread public dissatisfaction, the crackdown was carried out by the government led by the Awami League party, its affiliated groups such as the Chhatra League, and various law enforcement agencies.

In June 2024, the Bangladesh Supreme Court reinstated the quota system in government jobs, triggering the resurgence of the quota reform movement in early July. Following weeks of demonstrations, tensions escalated on July 15 after clashes between protesters and members of the Chhatra League. In the days that followed, law enforcement agencies, including the Police, RAB, and BGB, as well as members of the ruling party's student, youth and volunteer wings, were involved in violent confrontations with the protesters. These clashes resulted in numerous deaths, including among protesters, law enforcement personnel, party members, bystanders, and children. By early August, the violence had resulted in substantial casualties, with estimates of fatalities ranging from two hundred to one thousand, and thousands more reported injured.

Despite the significant loss of life, Hasina's government denied responsibility, attributing the violence to other factors. The events of July 2024 have since been widely scrutinized, with varying views on their impact on Bangladesh's sociopolitical landscape.

  1. ^ "More than 1,000 killed in Bangladesh violence since July, health ministry chief says". Reuters. 29 August 2024.
  2. ^ OHCHR Fact-Finding Report: Human Rights Violations and Abuses related to the Protests of July and August 2024 in Bangladesh (Report). Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights. 2025-02-12. pp. 10–11. Archived from the original on 2025-02-12. Retrieved 2025-02-12. To arrive at a more complete estimate of deaths, OHCHR compared the Ministry of Health data with detailed lists of reported deaths compiled by other sources, including civil society organisations, and removed duplicates. Based on this data, OHCHR assesses that there could have been as many as 1,400 protest-related deaths, including at least 13 women, for the period of 15 July to 5 August.[...] This data indicates that about two-thirds (66 percent) of deaths were caused by bullets fired from high-powered military automatic and semi-automatic rifles that are the standard issue of BGB, Army, RAB, Ansar/VDP Battalions, and Armed Police Battalion, and which were also used by regular police during the protests. Another 12 percent of deaths were caused by shotguns loaded with cartridges containing lethal metal pellets (conforming to industry-standard 'No. 8 metal shot'), another weapon widely used by Bangladesh Police and also Ansar/VDP.
  3. ^ "1,581 people killed in Bangladesh student protests". BSS News. 28 September 2024. Retrieved 2 February 2025.
  4. ^ "রক্তাক্ত জুলাই' মুক্তির মন্দির সোপান তলে…". shohid.info (in Bengali). Archived from the original on 2024-07-25. Retrieved 2024-07-31.
  5. ^ "350 injured as BCL attacks quota protesters". New Age (Bangladesh). 16 July 2024. Archived from the original on 15 July 2024.
  6. ^ "Āhata 297 jana ḍhākā mēḍikēlē cikiṯsā nēna" আহত ২৯৭ জন ঢাকা মেডিকেলে চিকিৎসা নেন [297 injured people were treated at Dhaka Medical]. Prothom Alo (in Bengali). 15 July 2024. Archived from the original on 15 July 2024. Retrieved 31 July 2024.
  7. ^ "Clash involving BCL, around 250 quota protesters injured". www.dailymessenger. 15 July 2024. Archived from the original on 15 July 2024. Retrieved 31 July 2024.
  8. ^ "Clash involving BCL, quota protesters leave around 250 injured". UNB. 15 July 2024. Archived from the original on 15 July 2024. Retrieved 31 July 2024.
  9. ^ "Bangladesh students clash in job quota protests, at least 100 injured". Reuters. 15 July 2024.
  10. ^ "At least 100 wounded as Bangladesh students protest government job quotas". Al Jazeera. 15 July 2024. Archived from the original on 16 July 2024. Retrieved 31 July 2024.
  11. ^ "More than 400 injured in Bangladesh job quota rally clashes". Barron's. 16 July 2024. Archived from the original on 4 August 2024. Retrieved 16 July 2024.
  12. ^ "ফেনীতে শিক্ষার্থীদের বিক্ষোভে ছাত্রলীগের হামলা, পুলিশসহ আহত ২০". Jamuna TV (in Bengali). 17 July 2024. Retrieved 17 July 2024.
  13. ^ "মুন্সিগঞ্জে পুলিশের উপস্থিতিতে ছাত্রলীগের হামলা, আহত-৫". Jamuna TV (in Bengali). 17 July 2024. Archived from the original on 17 July 2024. Retrieved 17 July 2024.
  14. ^ "Several injured as violent clashes erupt at Barishal University". The Business Standard. 17 July 2024. Archived from the original on 1 September 2024. Retrieved 17 July 2024.
  15. ^ "Quota reform movement: 21 injured receive treatment at DMCH". Dhaka Tribune. Archived from the original on 17 July 2024. Retrieved 17 July 2024.
  16. ^ "ব্রাহ্মণবাড়িয়ায় শিক্ষার্থীদের সাথে ছাত্রলীগের সংঘর্ষ, ওসিসহ আহত ২০=". Jamuna TV (in Bengali). 17 July 2024. Archived from the original on 17 July 2024. Retrieved 17 July 2024.
  17. ^ "Quota movement: 70 injured as clash breaks out in JU". Dhaka Tribune. Archived from the original on 17 July 2024. Retrieved 17 July 2024.
  18. ^ "Violence erupts in Dhaka over quota protests; 50 injured". The Financial Express (Bangladesh). Archived from the original on 18 July 2024. Retrieved 17 July 2024.
  19. ^ "Child among six shot during Shanir Akhra clash following police attack". BDNews24. Archived from the original on 17 July 2024. Retrieved 18 July 2024.
  20. ^ "Protesting students take position in Dhaka's ECB Chhatar". Prothom Alo. 2 August 2024. Archived from the original on 20 August 2024. Retrieved 20 August 2024.
  21. ^ Parvez, Saimum (22 August 2024). What will come after the July massacre in Bangladesh?. East Asia Forum.
  22. ^ "Justice, legal accountability needed for July massacre". New Age. 6 August 2024. Archived from the original on 14 August 2024. Retrieved 16 August 2024.
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