Back قارلوق Arabic Qarluq AST Qarluqlar Azerbaijani قارلوقلار AZB Карлукі Byelorussian Карлуки Bulgarian Karlucs Catalan Karlukové Czech Каркулсем CV Karluken German
| Languages | |
|---|---|
| Karluk languages (i.e Uzbek, Uyghur, Chagatai; Turkic, Persian, Ili Turki) | |
| Religion | |
| Tengrism, Islam, Nestorian Christianity[1] |
The Karluks (also Qarluqs, Qarluks, Karluqs, Old Turkic: 𐰴𐰺𐰞𐰸, Qarluq,[2] Para-Mongol: Harluut, simplified Chinese: 葛逻禄; traditional Chinese: 葛邏祿 Géluólù ; customary phonetic: Gelu, Khololo, Khorlo, Persian: خَلُّخ, Khallokh, Arabic: قارلوق Qarluq) were a prominent nomadic Turkic tribal confederacy residing in the regions of Kara-Irtysh (Black Irtysh) and the Tarbagatai Mountains west of the Altay Mountains in Central Asia.
The majority of Uzbeks and Uyghurs indeed descend from Karluk tribes, and their languages are part of the Karluk subgroup, making them linguistically and historically distinct from other Turkic peoples like Kazakhs (Kipchak) or Turkmens (Oghuz).[3][4][5]
Karluks were known as a coherent ethnic group (with autonomous status within the Göktürk khaganate and an independent one in their subsequent states of the Karluk yabghu, Karakhanids and Qarlughids) before being absorbed in the Chagatai Khanate of the Mongol Empire.[citation needed]
They were also called Uch-Oghuz meaning "Three Oghuz".[6] Despite the similarity of names, Mahmud al-Kashgari's Dīwān Lughāt al-Turk wrote: "Karluks is a division of nomadic Turks. They are separate from Oghuz, but they are Turkmens like Oghuz."[7] Ilkhanate's Rashid al-Din Hamadani in his Jami' al-tawarikh mentions Karluks as one of the Oghuz (Turkmen) tribes.[8] İbrahim Kafesoğlu (1958) proposes that Türkmen might be the Karluks' equivalent of the Göktürks' political term Kök Türk.[9]
- ^ Sims, Elanor (January 2002). Peerless images: Persian painting and its sources. New Haven. ISBN 978-0-300-09038-3. Retrieved September 17, 2024.
{{cite book}}:|website=ignored (help) - ^ Ethno Cultureerral Dictionary, TÜRIK BITIG
- ^ Peter B. Golden (1992). An Introduction to the History of the Turkic Peoples.
- ^ https://media.neliti.com/media/publications/344149-history-of-the-formation-and-establishme-0750c45d.pdf.
{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires|journal=(help); Missing or empty|title=(help) - ^ The Cambridge History of Inner Asia the Chinggisid Age https://assets.cambridge.org/97805218/49265/frontmatter/9780521849265_frontmatter.pdf.
{{cite journal}}: Missing or empty|title=(help) - ^ Gumilev L.N, 1967, Ancient Turks, p. 61-62.
- ^ Divanü Lûgat-it-Türk, translation Besim Atalay, Turkish Language Association, ISBN 975-16-0405-2, book: 1, page: 473
- ^ Hamadani, Rashid-al-Din (1952). "Джами ат-Таварих (Jami' al-Tawarikh)". USSR Academy of Sciences.
Over time, these peoples were divided into numerous clans, [and indeed] in every era [new] subdivisions arose from each division, and each for a specific reason and occasion received its name and nickname, like the Oghuz, who are now generally called the Turkmens [Turkman], they are also divided into Kipchaks, Kalach, Kangly, Karluk and other tribes related to them...
- ^ Kafesoğlu, İbrahim. (1958) “Türkmen Adı, Manası ve Mahiyeti,” in Jean Deny Armağanı in Eckmann et al. (eds.), pp. 121-133. cited in Golden, Peter B. (1992) An Introduction to the History of the Turkic Peoples. p 347-348