Back كريشنادفاريا Arabic كريشنادفاريا ARZ কৃষ্ণদেবরায় Bengali/Bangla Krišnadéva Ráj Czech Krishna Deva Raya Spanish Krishna Deva Raya Finnish Krishna Deva Raya French કૃષ્ણદેવરાય Gujarati कृष्णदेवराय Hindi Krishnadevaraya ID
| Krishnadevaraya | |
|---|---|
| Maharajadhiraja Kannada Rajya Rama Ramana Andhra Bhoja Dakshinasamudradhiswara Mooru Rayara Ganda[1] Abhinava-Bhoja[2] Gaubrahmana Pratipalaka | |
 Sculpture of Krishnadevaraya and his wives at Chandragiri Museum | |
| Vijayanagara Emperor | |
| Reign | 26 July 1509 – 17 October 1529[3] |
| Coronation | 23/24 January 1510[a] |
| Predecessor | Viranarasimha Raya |
| Successor | Achyuta Deva Raya |
| Born | 17 January 1471 Vijayanagara, Vijayanagara Empire (modern day Hampi, Karnataka, India) |
| Died | 17 October 1529 (aged 58) Vijayanagara, Vijayanagara Empire (modern day Hampi, Karnataka, India) |
| Consort | Tirumala Devi Chinna Devi Annapurna Devi |
| Issue | |
| Dynasty | Tuluva |
| Father | Tuluva Narasa Nayaka |
| Mother | Nagala Devi |
| Religion | Sri Vaishnavism |
| Signature |  |
| Military career | |
| Allegiance | Vijayanagara Empire |
| Years of service | 1509–1529 |
| Battles / wars | See list
|
_at_the_Krishna_temple_in_Hampi.JPG)
Krishnadevaraya (17 January 1471 – 17 October 1529) was emperor of the Vijayanagara Empire from 1509 to 1529 and the third ruler of the Tuluva dynasty. Widely regarded as one of the greatest rulers in Indian history, he presided over the empire at its political and cultural zenith and is remembered as an iconic figure by many Indians.[7] Following the decline of the Delhi Sultanate, he ruled the largest and most powerful empire in India during his time.[8]
Krishnadevaraya's reign was marked by military expansion and political consolidation. He became the dominant ruler of the Indian peninsula by defeating the sultans of Bijapur, Golconda, the Bahmani Sultanate, and the Gajapatis of Odisha, making him one of the most powerful Hindu monarchs in Indian history.[1] Major campaigns during his reign included the conquest of the Raichur Doab in 1512, the subjugation of Odisha in 1514, and a decisive victory against the Sultan of Bijapur in 1520. On many occasions, the king changed battle plans abruptly, turning a losing battle into victory.
When the Mughal emperor Babur surveyed the rulers of northern India, he considered Krishnadevaraya the most powerful, ruling over the most extensive empire in the subcontinent.[8] Portuguese travellers Domingo Paes and Duarte Barbosa, who visited his court, described him as an able administrator and an exceptional military commander who personally led campaigns and tended to wounded soldiers. The poet Mukku Timmana praised him as the "Destroyer of the Turks".[9] Krishnadevaraya was guided by his trusted prime minister Timmarusu, whom he credited as the architect of his rise to the throne, and was also advised by the witty poet Tenali Ramakrishna.
His reign is also regarded as a golden age of Telugu literature, and he was a distinguished patron of arts and scholarship. Krishnadevaraya himself composed the Telugu poetic work Amuktamalyada, celebrated for its literary and devotional value. His court was home to the Ashtadiggajas—eight legendary Telugu poets—including Allasani Peddana and Mukku Timmana. Literary activity flourished not only in Telugu but also in Sanskrit, Kannada, and Tamil under his patronage, making his court a major cultural hub of the era.
Krishnadevaraya was conferred with several honorific titles such as Andhra Bhoja ("Bhoja of Andhra"), Karnatakaratna Simhasanadeeshwara ("Lord of the Jewelled Throne of Karnataka"), Mooru Rayara Ganda ("Lord of Three Kings"), Kannada Rajya Rama Ramana ("Lord of the Kannada Empire"), and Gaubrahmana Pratipalaka ("Protector of Cows and Brahmins").
- ^ a b Advanced Study in the History of Medieval India by Jl Mehta p. 118
- ^ Pollock, Sheldon (2003). The Language of the Gods in the World of Men: Sanskrit, Culture, and Power in Premodern India. University of California Press. p. 179. ISBN 0-5202-4500-8.
- ^ Srinivasan, C. R. (1979). Kanchipuram Through the Ages. Agam Kala Prakashan. p. 200. ISBN 819429374X. OCLC 5834894. Retrieved 25 July 2014.
- ^ Sewell, R. (1915). "The Kings of Vijayanagara, A.D. 1486-1509". The Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland. [Cambridge University Press, Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland]: 383–395. ISSN 0035-869X. JSTOR 25189336. Retrieved 22 October 2024.
- ^ Sivasankaranarayana, Bh.; Rajagopal, M. V.; Ramesan, N. (1970). Andhra Pradesh District Gazetteers: Anantapur. Director of Print. and Stationery at the Government Secretariat Press, copies can be had from:Government Publication Bureau. p. 63. OCLC 42803386.
- ^ T. K. T. Viraraghavacharya (1997). History of Tirupati: The Thiruvengadam Temple, Volume 2. Tirumala Tirupati Devasthanams. p. 469.
- ^ Tabasum Bhanu (2015) Sri krishnadevaraya 1509-1529.made vijayanagara a military power in the south an overview IJCRT 3(4)
- ^ a b Keay, John, India: A History, New York: Harper Collins, 2000, p. 302
- ^ Vijayanagara Voices: Exploring South Indian History and Hindu Literature William Joseph Jackson: p. 124
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