Kumul Rebellion

Kumul Rebellion
	Part of the Xinjiang Wars
	; Turkic conscripts of the New 36th Division near Kumul
Date	20 February 1931 – July 1934
Location	Xinjiang, China
Result	Stalemate between China and Xinjiang clique East Turkestan suppressed by China;
Territorial; changes	Annexation of the southern part of Xinjiang by China and the northern part of Xinjiang controlled by the Xinjiang clique under warlord Sheng Shicai
Belligerents
Commanders and leaders
Units involved
Strength
Casualties and losses

The Kumul Rebellion (Chinese: 哈密暴動; pinyin: Hāmì bàodòng; lit. 'Hami Uprising') was a rebellion of Kumulik Uyghurs from 1931 to 1934 who conspired with Hui Chinese Muslim General Ma Zhongying to overthrow Jin Shuren, governor of Xinjiang. The Kumul Uyghurs were loyalists of the Kumul Khanate and wanted to restore the heir to the Khanate and overthrow Jin. The Kuomintang wanted Jin removed because of his ties to the Soviet Union, so it approved of the operation while pretending to acknowledge Jin as governor. The rebellion then catapulted into large-scale fighting as Khotanlik Uyghur rebels in southern Xinjiang started a separate rebellion for independence in collusion with Kirghiz rebels. The various groups of rebels were not united (some even fought each other). The main part of the war was waged by Ma Zhongying against the Xinjiang government. He was supported by Chiang Kai-shek, the Premier of China, who secretly agreed to let Ma seize Xinjiang.

^ Cite error: The named reference Mongol was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ Bert Edstrom (2013). Turning Points in Japanese History. Routledge. p. 198. ISBN 9781134279180.
^ David Martin Jones, Paul Schulte, Carl Ungerer, M.L.R. Smith (2019). Handbook of Terrorism and Counter Terrorism Post 9/11. Edward Elgar Publishing. p. 341. ISBN 9781786438027.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
^ Andrew D. W. Forbes (1986). Warlords and Muslims in Chinese Central Asia: A Political history of Republican Sinkiang 1911–1949 (illustrated ed.). Cambridge, England: CUP Archive. p. 123. ISBN 0-521-25514-7. Retrieved 2010-06-28.
^ Page 395
^ Нэх В. Ф. Специальная операция НКВД в Синьцзяне(rus)

[Mongol-1] Cite error: The named reference Mongol was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

[2] Bert Edstrom (2013). Turning Points in Japanese History. Routledge. p. 198. ISBN 9781134279180.

[3] David Martin Jones, Paul Schulte, Carl Ungerer, M.L.R. Smith (2019). Handbook of Terrorism and Counter Terrorism Post 9/11. Edward Elgar Publishing. p. 341. ISBN 9781786438027.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

[4] Andrew D. W. Forbes (1986). Warlords and Muslims in Chinese Central Asia: A Political history of Republican Sinkiang 1911–1949 (illustrated ed.). Cambridge, England: CUP Archive. p. 123. ISBN 0-521-25514-7. Retrieved 2010-06-28.

[5] Page 395

[6] Нэх В. Ф. Специальная операция НКВД в Синьцзяне(rus)

[5]

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Kumul Rebellion

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