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The "Long Peace" is a term for the unprecedented historical period of relative global stability following the end of World War II in 1945 to the present day.[1][2] The period of the Cold War (1947–1991) was marked by the absence of major wars between the superpowers of the period, the United States and the Soviet Union.[1][3][4] John Lewis Gaddis first used the term in 1986,[5][6] stressing that the period of "relative peace" has twice outlasted the interwar period by now. The Cold War, with all its rivalries, anxieties and unquestionable dangers, has produced the longest period of stability in relations among the great powers that the world has known in the 20th century; it now compares favorably as well with some of the longest periods of great-power stability in all of modern history.[5] The Long Peace has been compared to the relatively-long stability of the Roman Empire, the Pax Romana,[7] or the Pax Britannica, a century of relative peace that existed between the end of the Napoleonic Wars in 1815 and the outbreak of World War I in 1914, during which the British Empire held global hegemony. Since Pax Britannica was interrupted by major power wars and Pax Romana was not on the global scale, some scholars find us living in the most peaceful period of modern time,[8][9] or even "in the most peaceful era in our species' existence."[10]
- ^ a b Gaddis, John Lewis (1989). The Long Peace: Inquiries Into the History of the Cold War. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-504335-9.
- ^ Freedman, Lawrence (2014). "Stephen Pinker and the long peace: alliance, deterrence and decline". Cold War History. 14 (4): 657–672. doi:10.1080/14682745.2014.950243. ISSN 1468-2745. S2CID 154846757.
- ^ Saperstein, Alvin M. (March 1991). "The "Long Peace"— Result of a Bipolar Competitive World?". The Journal of Conflict Resolution. 35 (1): 68–79. doi:10.1177/0022002791035001004. S2CID 153738298.
- ^ Lebow, Richard Ned (Spring 1994). "The Long Peace, the End of the Cold War, and the Failure of Realism". International Organization. 48 (2): 249–277. doi:10.1017/s0020818300028186. JSTOR 2706932. S2CID 155032446.
- ^ a b Gaddis, John Lewis (1986). "The Long Peace: Elements of Stability in the Postwar International System". International Security. 10 (4): 99–100. doi:10.2307/2538951. ISSN 0162-2889. JSTOR 2538951. S2CID 59686350.
- ^ Vasquez, John A; Kang, Choong-Nam (2012). "How and why the Cold War became a long peace: Some statistical insights". Cooperation and Conflict. 48 (1): 28–50. doi:10.1177/0010836712461625. ISSN 0010-8367. S2CID 154868730.
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
InglehartPuranen2015was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Easterbrook, Gregg (May 30, 2005). "The End of War?" New Republic, https://newrepublic.com/article/68228/the-end-war
- ^ Tertrais, Bruno (2012). “The demise of Ares: The end of war as we know it?” Washington Quarterly, vol 35 (3): p 9.
- ^ Pinker, Steven (2011). The Better Angels of Our Nature: Why Violence Has Declined. New York: Viking. ISBN 9780670022953.