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Lulism Lulismo | |
|---|---|
.jpg) Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva, President of Brazil from 2003 to 2011, re-elected President in 2022 | |
| Leader | Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva |
| Founder | Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva |
| Founded | 2003 |
| Membership | Workers' Party Brazil of Hope |
| Ideology | |
| Political position | Centre to left-wing[28] |
| Part of a series on |
| Progressivism |
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Lulism (Brazilian Portuguese: Lulismo) is a political ideology describing the 2006 consolidation of segments of Brazilian society previously hostile to social movements and the Workers' Party behind political forces led by President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva,[29] appealed by a controlled reformism and limited structural change focused on the poorest sections of society.[30] The lower classes, who had distanced themselves from Lula, accepted his candidacy after his first term as President as the middle class turned from him. The rhetoric and praxis which united the maintenance of stability and state distributism are the origins of Lulism.[29] While advocating socialism, Lulism aims for a 'social liberal' approach that gradually resolves the gap between the rich and the poor in a market-oriented way.[4][31]
Brazilian manufacturers, banks and retailers benefited from the consumption-led and credit-fueled government economic model.[32] According to André Singer, who coined the term: "The convergence of interests of the private industry sector on one side, and of the organized labor force on the other, led to the stability that allowed this political system to take the form of a sort of consensus".[33] This equilibrium allowed the government to gradually make significant changes in policy. In the Lulism movement, non-confrontation is a sine qua non for development. It is part of the Latin American leftist wave known as Socialism of the 21st century.[34]
- ^ Samuels, D. (2004). From Socialism to Social Democracy: Party Organization and the Transformation of the Workers’ Party in Brazil. Comparative Political Studies, 37(9), 999–1024. https://doi.org/10.1177/0010414004268856
- ^ "Is Social Democracy Possible in Latin America?". Retrieved 29 December 2021.
- ^ [1][2]
- ^ a b Alejandro M. Peña, ed. (2016). Transnational Governance and South American Politics: The Political Economy of Norms. Springer. p. 240. ISBN 9781137538635.
In this manner, while the social liberalism of Lulismo favored the agenda of the local actors advancing sustainability and CSR projects in Brazil, and further tilted the discursive field in favor of the transnational sustainability ...
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
liberal Lula 1was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ [4][5]
- ^ Francisco Luiz Corsi; José Marangoni Camargo; Agnaldo dos Santos; Rosângela de Lima Vieira, eds. (2014). Economia e Sociedade: o Brasil e a América Latina na conjuntura de crise do capitalismo global. Editora Oficina Universitária.
- ^ Giuseppe Cocco; Bruno Cava, eds. (2018). New Neoliberalism and the Other: Biopower, Anthropophagy, and Living Money. Lexington Books. p. XIX. ISBN 9781498526678.
- ^ [7][8]
- ^ Gomercindo Rodrigues, ed. (2009). Walking the Forest with Chico Mendes: Struggle for Justice in the Amazon. University of Texas Press. ISBN 9780292774544.
Later, as the military regime waned, he was one of the national founders of the Workers' Party (PT), personally allying with the urban union leader, now president of Brazil, Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva. He, Lula, and the PT in turn allied themselves with the cause of democratic socialism around the world.
- ^ "Lula's Political Economy: Crisis and Continuity". NACLA. 2023-08-12.
- ^ John Ashley Soames Grenville, ed. (2010). A History of the World from the 20th to the 21st Century. Psychology Press. p. 702. ISBN 9780415289559.
Lula da Silva set out to show that contemporary 'liberal socialism' can work with the market and capitalism for the benefit of all the people, while promoting public serviccs.
- ^ "Lula's Political Economy: Crisis and Continuity". NACLA. Retrieved 2022-03-16.
- ^ "Brazil: Lula promises 'zero deforestation' following election victory". euronews. 2022-10-31. Retrieved 2023-07-29.
- ^ "Lula victory spurs hope for Amazon, fight against climate crisis". www.aljazeera.com. Retrieved 2023-07-29.
- ^ Reid, Jenni (2022-10-31). "Lula's victory in Brazil sparks optimism on deforestation, with ramifications for the world". CNBC. Retrieved 2023-07-29.
- ^ Villegas, Paulina; Kaplan, Sarah (2022-11-02). "Lula vowed to safeguard the Amazon. After Bolsonaro, it won't be easy". Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved 2023-07-29.
- ^ [14][15][16][17]
- ^ Oliveira, André de (28 January 2018). "Lincoln Secco: "TRF-4 pode ter criado um lulismo mais radical, sem Lula e sem o PT, como é o peronismo"". El País (in Portuguese). Retrieved 10 June 2018.
- ^ Schreiber, Leon Amos (2011). The third way in Brazil? Lula's presidency examined (Thesis). Stellenbosch University. Archived from the original on 9 November 2016. Retrieved 8 November 2016.
- ^ Luiz C. Barbosa, ed. (2015). Guardians of the Brazilian Amazon Rainforest: Environmental Organizations and Development. Routledge. p. 43. ISBN 9781317577645.
Lula da Silva's form of economic liberalism can be classified as "socialist neoliberalism." This means that one uses the wealth generated by the market to finance social programs to lift people out of poverty.
- ^ C. Wylde, ed. (2012). Latin America After Neoliberalism: Developmental Regimes in Post-Crisis States. Palgrave Macmillan. p. 206. ISBN 9780230301597.
In Brazil Lula too adopted fiscally conservative policies
[permanent dead link] - ^ [20][21][22]
- ^ "Lula wants to purge Brazil of Jair Bolsonaro's influence". The Economist. ISSN 0013-0613. Retrieved 2023-12-29.
- ^ "Lula's Plan: A Global Battle Against Trumpism". POLITICO. 2023-04-13. Retrieved 2023-12-29.
- ^ "Brazil Election: Left-Wing Lula Narrowly Beats Bolsonaro To Return To Presidency". Forbes.
- ^ "An historic third term for the left-wing leader Lula". France 24. 2 January 2023.
- ^ [24][25][26][27]
- ^ a b Singer, André (2009). "Raízes sociais e ideológicas do lulismo" [Social and ideological roots of Lulism]. Novos Estudos - CEBRAP (in Portuguese) (85): 83–102. doi:10.1590/S0101-33002009000300004.
- ^ "Brazil: Is 'Lulism' over?". Links International Journal of Socialist Renewal. 23 June 2013. Retrieved 30 September 2015.
- ^ Richard Sandbrook, ed. (2014). Reinventing the Left in the Global South: The Politics of the Possible. Cambridge University Press. p. 155.
... President Luiz Inácio (Lula) de Silva during his first term (2003–6) followed social-liberal policies ...
- ^ Casanova & Kassum 2014, p. 32.
- ^ "BNCC's Mission". Brazilian-Norwegian Chamber of Commerce. Archived from the original on 13 August 2018. Retrieved 30 September 2013.
- ^ "Lula +10: results and evolution of "Lulism"". Brazilian-Norwegian Chamber of Commerce. Archived from the original on 13 August 2018. Retrieved 30 September 2015.