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Marketing

For the Canadian magazine, see Marketing (Canadian magazine). For the British magazine, see Marketing (British magazine).

Steve Jobs's marketing skills have been credited for reviving Apple Inc. and turning it into one of the most valuable brands.[1][2]

Marketing is the act of satisfying and retaining customers.[3] It is one of the primary components of business management and commerce.[4]

Marketing is typically conducted by the seller, typically a retailer or manufacturer. Products can be marketed to other businesses (B2B) or directly to consumers (B2C).[5] Sometimes tasks are contracted to dedicated marketing firms, like a media, market research, or advertising agency. Sometimes, a trade association or government agency (such as the Agricultural Marketing Service) advertises on behalf of an entire industry or locality, often a specific type of food (e.g. Got Milk?), food from a specific area, or a city or region as a tourism destination.

Market orientations are philosophies concerning the factors that should go into market planning.[6] The marketing mix, which outlines the specifics of the product and how it will be sold, including the channels that will be used to advertise the product,[7][8] is affected by the environment surrounding the product,[9] the results of marketing research and market research,[10][11] and the characteristics of the product's target market.[12] Once these factors are determined, marketers must then decide what methods of promoting the product,[5] including use of coupons and other price inducements.[13]

  1. ^ Siltanen, Rob (14 December 2011). "The Real Story Behind Apple's 'Think different' Campaign". Forbes. Retrieved 16 March 2019.
  2. ^ "Searching for Magic in India and Silicon Valley: An Interview with Daniel Kottke, Apple Employee #12". Boing Boing. 9 August 2012. Archived from the original on 11 January 2014. Retrieved 30 August 2012.
  3. ^ "The Role of Customers in Marketing | Introduction to Business". courses.lumenlearning.com. Retrieved 11 August 2021.
  4. ^ Drucker, Peter (1954). The Practice of Management. New York: Harper & Row. p. 32.
  5. ^ a b Cite error: The named reference :0 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
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  10. ^ Diaz Ruiz, Carlos A. (2022). "The Insights Industry: Towards a Performativity Turn in Market Research". International Journal of Market Research. 64 (2): 169–186. doi:10.1177/14707853211039191. ISSN 1470-7853. S2CID 238711288.
  11. ^ Cite error: The named reference :7 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  12. ^ Cite error: The named reference :8 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  13. ^ Julie Bosman (10 March 2006). "For Tobacco, Stealth Marketing Is the Norm". The New York Times.
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