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Mediterraneanism is a racialist ideology that claims that the "Mediterranean race" (a historical race concept) is "the greatest race...derived neither from the black nor white people...an autonomous stock in the human family" according to Mediterraneanist and anthropologist Giuseppe Sergi.[1]: 24–27 Sergi identified the Mediterranean race as a brunet race separate from the black race and the white race.[1]: 24–27
Mediterraneanism was in stark contrast to and was partially a reaction to the then-popular Nordicist racial theory common in North America and Northwestern, Central, Germanic-speaking, and Northern Europe that claimed Mediterranean people were inferior to the supposed Nordic race.