Mihna

The Mihna (Arabic: محنة خلق القرآن, romanized: miḥna khalq al-qurʾān, lit. 'ordeal of Quranic createdness') was a period of religious persecution instituted by the Abbasid caliph al-Ma'mun in 833 in which Sunni scholars were punished, imprisoned, or even killed^[1] unless they conformed to Mu'tazilite doctrine. The policy lasted for eighteen years (833–851) as it continued through the reigns of al-Ma'mun's immediate successors, al-Mu'tasim and al-Wathiq, and four years of al-Mutawakkil who reversed it in 851.^[2]^[3]

The abolition of Mihna is significant both as the end of the Abbasid Caliph's pretension to decide matters of religious orthodoxy, and as one of the few instances of religious persecution among fellow Muslims in Medieval Islam.^[4]

^ "The Baghdad Manifesto (402 AH / 1011 CE) - A Re-Examination of Fatimid-Abbasid Rivalry" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2021-02-26.
^ Muhammad Qasim Zaman (1997). Religion and Politics Under the Early ?Abbasids: The Emergence of the Proto-Sunni Elite. BRILL. pp. 106–112. ISBN 978-90-04-10678-9.
^ "The religious policy of Al-Mutawakkil ala Allah Al-abbasi". Archived from the original on 2021-06-14.
^ Brill, E.J., ed. (1965–1986). The Encyclopedia of Islam, vol. 7. pp. 2–4.

[1] "The Baghdad Manifesto (402 AH / 1011 CE) - A Re-Examination of Fatimid-Abbasid Rivalry" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2021-02-26.

[Zaman1997b-2] Muhammad Qasim Zaman (1997). Religion and Politics Under the Early ?Abbasids: The Emergence of the Proto-Sunni Elite. BRILL. pp. 106–112. ISBN 978-90-04-10678-9.

[3] "The religious policy of Al-Mutawakkil ala Allah Al-abbasi". Archived from the original on 2021-06-14.

[4] Brill, E.J., ed. (1965–1986). The Encyclopedia of Islam, vol. 7. pp. 2–4.

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Mihna

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