Back الائتلاف الوطني لقوى الثورة والمعارضة السورية Arabic Coalició Nacional Siriana Catalan ھاوپەیمانی نیشتمانیی بۆ ھێزەکانی شۆڕش و ئۆپۆزسیۆنی سووریا CKB Národní koalice sil revoluce a syrské opozice Czech Nationalkoalition syrischer Revolutions- und Oppositionskräfte German Εθνικός Συνασπισμός για τις Συριακές Επαναστατικές και Αντιπολιτευτικές Δυνάμεις Greek Coalición Nacional para las Fuerzas de la Oposición y la Revolución Siria Spanish ائتلاف ملی سوریه Persian Coalition nationale des forces de l'opposition et de la révolution French הקואליציה הלאומית הסורית של האופוזיציה והכוחות המהפכניים HE
| الائتلاف الوطني لقوى الثورة والمعارضة السورية Al-Iʾtilāf al-Waṭanī li-Quwā at-Ṯawra waʾl-Muʿāraḍat as-Sūriyya | |
 Official logo of the SNC | |
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| Nickname | Syrian National Coalition |
|---|---|
| Merged into | Syrian caretaker government |
| Formation | 11 November 2012 |
| Founded at | Doha, Qatar |
| Purpose | Opposition to and replacement of the Ba'athist regime |
| Headquarters | Istanbul, Turkey (2012-2024) Damascus, Syria (2024-2025)[1] |
Region served | Syria |
| Membership | 114 members[2] |
Official language | Arabic |
Secretary General | Haytham Rahmeh |
President | Hadi al-Bahra |
Vice Presidents | |
| Affiliations |
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| Website | en |
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The National Coalition of Syrian Revolution and Opposition Forces,[a] commonly named the Syrian National Coalition (SNC),[b] or the Syrian National Revolutionary Coalition (SNRC) was a political organization founded in Doha, Qatar, in November 2012 during the Syrian Civil War in an attempt to coalesce the various opposition movements to Bashar al-Assad's Ba'athist regime.
The coalition was recognized by several United Nations member states, by the European Union and by the Arab League as the legitimate representative of the Syrian people. It included for a time the Syrian National Council, another coalition group which had been previously received diplomatic recognition.
The SNC was based outside Syria until late 2024. Though it established contact with the Free Syrian Army and tried for a time to monitor it through the Supreme Military Council, the SNC initially suffered from a lack of presence on the ground,[3] from internal infighting and from rivalry between foreign powers for influence over it. Originally divided between factions aligned with either Qatar or Saudi Arabia,[4] the SNC came to operate mostly under Turkish influence.[1]
On March 18, 2013, the National Coalition of Syrian Revolution and Opposition Forces established the Syrian Interim Government (SIG) which later exercised authority in Turkish-occupied zones of Syria.
The SNC attempted to negotiate with the regime as part of the Syrian peace process. In 2014, the Syrian National Council, which had been the biggest block in the coalition so far, left it in protest at the decision of the coalition to attend the Geneva II Conference on Syria.[5][6] The Coalition later took part to the Syrian Negotiation Commission and had representatives in the Syrian Constitutional Committee. However, as the civil war was in deadlock and the peace negotiations failed to produce results, the SNC lost clout and came to be considered mostly as Turkey's relay of influence.[1] It lost support from the United States in 2019, and the Arab League withdrew its recognition in 2023.
In late 2024, after the fall of the Assad regime, the SNC relocated from Istanbul to Damascus. In February 2025, the SNC declared its allegiance to the new authorities under Ahmed al-Sharaa and announced that it would dissolve and merge into the Syrian administration.[7][8]
- ^ a b c "Hadi al-Bahra: President of a dead institution?". 15 September 2023. Archived from the original on 13 January 2024. Retrieved 13 January 2024.
- ^ "Syria Opposition Expands, Closes Meeting". Naharnet. 31 May 2013. Archived from the original on 25 June 2013. Retrieved 31 May 2013.
- ^ Yezid Sayigh (3 April 2013). "The Syrian Opposition's Leadership Problem". The Malcolm H. Kerr Carnegie Middle East Center. Retrieved 5 January 2025.
- ^ Yezid Sayigh (13 May 2013). "Endgame for the Syrian National Coalition". The Malcolm H. Kerr Carnegie Middle East Center. Retrieved 5 January 2025.
- ^ "Main bloc quits Syrian National Coalition over Geneva". The Times of Israel. 21 January 2014. Retrieved 20 January 2014.
- ^ "Syrian National Council quits opposition coalition". Agence France Presse. 20 January 2014. Archived from the original on 22 January 2014. Retrieved 23 January 2014.
- ^ "Key anti-Assad groups pledge support for Syria's new administration". yahoo! news. 12 February 2025.
- ^ "Syria's transitional government forms national dialogue committee". The New Arab. 12 February 2025. Retrieved 12 February 2025.
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