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Natural theology is a type of theology that seeks to provide arguments for theological topics, such as the existence of a deity, based on human reason.[1] It is distinguished from revealed theology, which is based on supernatural sources such as scripture or religious experiences.[1][2] It is thus a form of theology open to critical examination, aimed at understanding the divine.[3]
Natural theology does not preclude the concept of divine intervention nor presuppose a clockwork universe; however, it demands that any position be supported through reasoned arguments based on natural reason.
In contemporary philosophy, natural theology is not limited to approaches based on empirical facts, such as natural phenomena, nor are its conclusions limited to pantheism.[3] It was once also termed "physico-theology".[4][a]
Natural theology includes theology based on scientific discoveries, arguments for God’s existence grounded in observed natural facts, and interpretations of natural phenomena or complexities as evidence of a divine plan (see predestination) or God's Will. It also includes efforts to explain the nature of celestial motors, gods, or a supreme god responsible for heavenly motion. Natural theologians have offered their own explanations for some unsolved problems in science.
- ^ a b Chignell, Andrew; Pereboom, Derk (2020), "Natural Theology and Natural Religion", in Zalta, Edward N. (ed.), The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Fall 2020 ed.), Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University, retrieved 9 October 2020
- ^ McGrath, Alister (2022). "Natural Theology". St Andrews Encyclopaedia of Theology.
- ^ a b Cite error: The named reference
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