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Odia language

Odia
Oṛiā
ଓଡ଼ିଆ
The word "Oṛiā" in Odia script
Pronunciation[oˈɽia] ⓘ(Odia)
/əˈdiːə/ (English)[1]
Native toIndia
RegionEastern India
EthnicityOdias, Scheduled Tribes of Odisha
SpeakersL1: 34 million (2011–2019)[4][5]
L2: 3.6 million (2001)[4]
Early forms
Prakrit
Standard forms
Dialects
Official status
Official language in
Regulated byOdisha Sahitya Akademi, Government of Odisha[9]
Language codes
ISO 639-1or
ISO 639-2ori
ISO 639-3ori – inclusive code
Individual codes:
ory – Odia
spv – Sambalpuri
ort – Adivasi Odia (Kotia)
dso – Desia (South-western) (duplicate of [ort])[10]
Glottologmacr1269  Macro-Oriya (Odra)
oriy1255  Odia
  Odia majority or plurality
  Significant Odia minority
This article contains Odia text. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Odia script.

Odia (/əˈdiːə/;[1][11] ଓଡ଼ିଆ, ISO: Oṛiā, pronounced [oˈɽia] ⓘ;[12] formerly rendered as Oriya) is a classical Indo-Aryan language spoken in the Indian state of Odisha. It is the official language in Odisha (formerly rendered as Orissa),[13] where native speakers make up 82% of the population,[14] and it is also spoken in parts of West Bengal,[15] Jharkhand, Andhra Pradesh and Chhattisgarh.[16] Odia is one of the official languages of India; it is the official language of Odisha and the second official language of Jharkhand. The Odia language has various dialects varieties, including the Baleswari Odia (Northern dialect), Kataki (central dialect), Ganjami Odia (Southern dialect), Sundargadi Odia (Northwestern dialect), Sambalpuri (Western dialect), Desia (South-western dialect) and Tribal Community dialects spoken by the tribals groups in Odisha who adopted the Odia language.[2][3][17]

Trilingual Signboard at Bhubaneswar Airport having text in Odia, Hindi and English

Odia is the sixth Indian language to be designated a classical language.[18][19][20][21]It traces its linguistic roots to the Eastern Magadhi Prakrit, evolving through stages such as Old Odia (10th–13th century CE), Middle Odia (14th–17th century CE), and Modern Odia (from the 18th century onward). The language displays a distinct phonological and morphological character shaped by centuries of interaction with tribal and Dravidian tongues. Recognized as a classical language of India, Odia has an unbroken literary tradition, with inscriptions dating back over a thousand years.[22]

  1. ^ a b "Odia", Lexico.
  2. ^ a b "Oriya gets its due in neighbouring state- Orissa". IBNLive. 4 September 2011. Archived from the original on 15 August 2012. Retrieved 29 November 2012.
  3. ^ a b Naresh Chandra Pattanayak (1 September 2011). "Oriya second language in Jharkhand". The Times of India. Archived from the original on 7 July 2012.
  4. ^ a b Odia language at Ethnologue (22nd ed., 2019) Closed access icon
  5. ^ "Scheduled Languages in descending order of speaker's strength – 2011" (PDF). Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India.
  6. ^ "Jharkhand gives second language status to Magahi, Angika, Bhojpuri and Maithili". The Avenue Mail. 21 March 2018. Archived from the original on 28 March 2019. Retrieved 30 April 2019.
  7. ^ "West Bengal Official Language Act, 1961". bareactslive.com. Retrieved 17 September 2020.
  8. ^ Roy, Anirban (28 February 2018). "Kamtapuri, Rajbanshi make it to list of official languages in". India Today. Archived from the original on 30 March 2018. Retrieved 30 March 2018.
  9. ^ "Odisha Sahitya Academy". Department of Culture, Government of Odisha. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 9 March 2016.
  10. ^ Hammarström (2015) Ethnologue 16/17/18th editions: a comprehensive review: online appendices
  11. ^ "Odia". Oxford English Dictionary (Online ed.). Oxford University Press. Retrieved 30 September 2024. (Subscription or participating institution membership required.)
  12. ^ "The Constitution (Ninety-Sixth Amendment) Act, 2011". eGazette of India. Retrieved 23 September 2011.
  13. ^ "Odisha Name Alteration Act, 2011". eGazette of India. Retrieved 23 September 2011.
  14. ^ Mahapatra, B. P. (2002). Linguistic Survey of India: Orissa (PDF). Kolkata, India: Language Division, Office of the Registrar General. p. 14. Retrieved 20 February 2014.
  15. ^ "Ordeal of Oriya-speaking students in West Bengal to end soon". The Hindu. 21 May 2009. Retrieved 30 January 2019.
  16. ^ "Govt to provide study facility to Odia-speaking people in State". The Pioneer. Retrieved 30 January 2019.
  17. ^ "Bengali, Oriya among 12 dialects as 2nd language in Jharkhand". daily.bhaskar.com. 31 August 2011. Retrieved 29 November 2012.
  18. ^ "Classical Language: Odia" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 25 November 2015. Retrieved 9 December 2018.
  19. ^ "Odia gets classical language status". The Hindu. 20 February 2014. Retrieved 20 February 2014.
  20. ^ "Odia becomes sixth classical language". The Telegraph. Archived from the original on 11 October 2017. Retrieved 29 March 2015.
  21. ^ "Milestone for state as Odia gets classical language status". The Times of India. 21 February 2014. Retrieved 29 March 2015.
  22. ^ Cite error: The named reference harvcol was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
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