Back Патрыятычны Рух Народнага Адраджэньня BE-X-OLD Moviment Patriòtic pel Renaixement Nacional Catalan Patriotyczny Ruch Odrodzenia Narodowego German Movimento Patriottico per la Rinascita Nazionale Italian Patriottische Beweging voor de Nationale Wedergeboorte Dutch Patriotyczny Ruch Odrodzenia Narodowego Polish Патриотическое движение национального возрождения Russian 民族复兴爱国运动 Chinese
Patriotic Movement for National Rebirth Patriotyczny Ruch Odrodzenia Narodowego | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Chairperson | Jan Dobraczyński |
| Founded | 20 July 1982 |
| Dissolved | 8 November 1989 |
| Preceded by | Front of National Unity |
| Headquarters | Warsaw, Poland |
| Membership (1983) | ~500,000[1] |
| Ideology | National communism[2] Left-wing nationalism[3] Social conservatism[4] Socialist patriotism[5] Catholic socialism[6] Endo-Communism[7] Neo-Stalinism[8] Factions: Marxism–Leninism[2] Agrarian socialism[9] Democratic socialism[10] National Democracy[11] Labour movement[12] Catholic left[13] |
| Political position | Left-wing Factions: Centre-left to far-left |
| Colors | Red |
| Slogan | We vow to you, Fatherland (Polish: Ślubujemy Tobie, Ojczyzno)[14] |
Patriotyczny Ruch Odrodzenia Narodowego (PRON, English: Patriotic Movement for National Rebirth or National Renaissance Patriotic Movement) was a Polish popular front that ruled the Polish People's Republic. It was created in the aftermath of the martial law in Poland (1982). Gathering various pro-communist and pro-government organizations, it was attempted to show unity and support for the government and the Polish United Workers' Party (PZPR). PRON was created in July 1982 and dissolved in November 1989.
The Patriotic Movement for National Rebirth replaced the previous communist-led coalition, Front of National Unity, and was marked by a different and broader rhetoric. Communist activists resorted to nationalist, patriotic and Catholic rhetoric, trying to improve the public image of the Polish communist regime and appeal to nationalist and left-leaning religious voters.[15] However, the coalition was not ideologically diverse and was completely dominated by the communist PZPR, with other members of the coalition submitting to its dominance. As such, the PRON was left-wing and did not question the communist regime in any way.[16]
- ^ "35 lat temu ukonstytuowały się władze PRON". dzieje.pl (in Polish). 17 December 2017.
- ^ a b Pankowski, Rafał (2010). "Self-Defence: Radical Populism". The Populist Radical Right in Poland: The Patriots. Routledge. p. 54. ISBN 978-0-203-85656-7.
- ^ Sanford, George (2003). Jon Woronoff (ed.). Historical Dictionary of Poland. European Historical Dictionaries (2nd ed.). Lanham, Maryland, and Oxford: The Scarecrow Press, Inc. p. 43.
- ^ Janowski, Karol B. (2003). Źródła i przebieg zmiany politycznej w Polsce (1980–1989). Studium historyczno-politologiczne (in Polish). Toruń: Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek. p. 117. ISBN 83-7322-229-4.
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
kunickiwas invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Kunicki, Mikołaj Stanisław (2012). "Preface". Between the Brown and the Red: Nationalism, Catholicism, and Communism in 20th-Century Poland — The Politics of Bolesław Piasecki. Ohio University Press. p. 13. ISBN 978-0-8214-4420-7.
- ^ Hellen, Tomas (1996). Shaking Hands with the Past: Origins of the Political Right in Central Europe. Vol. 50. Helsinki: Commentationes Scientiarum Socialium. pp. 138–150. ISBN 951-653-282-9.
Large parts of the Partisans' ideological baggage and rhetorical arsenal came straight from the pre-war Endecja, which also had blamed 'enemies within' generally, and Jews specifically, for Poland's perceived misfortunes. [...] Yet efforts to generate institutionalised mass support, as through the Patriotic Movement for National Rebirth (PRON) or the official trade union (OPZZ), failed miserably. So did, by and large, half-hearted endeavours to present the Soviet Union as the only possible protector of Poland's frontiers against German revanchism.59 Among hard-liners in the Party, however, xenophobia and nationalism gained increased prominence. Its prime outlet became the Patriotic Association Grunwald, founded in 1980, which continued the anti-Semitic, antiGerman and covertly anti-Soviet nationalist tradition of the Partisans, whose leader Moczar was a member of the Politburo during 1980-81.
- ^ Miller, Robert F. (1984). "Poland in the Eighties: Social Revolution Against 'Real Socialism" (PDF). Occasional Paper (18). Canberra: Australian National University: 24.
- ^ "East Europe Report" (PDF). Political, Sociological and Military Affairs (2132). Foreign Broadcast Information Service: 58. 22 April 1983.
- ^ "East Europe Report" (PDF). Political, Sociological and Military Affairs (2132). Foreign Broadcast Information Service: 42. 22 April 1983.
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
endekwas invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Janowski, Karol B. (2003). Źródła i przebieg zmiany politycznej w Polsce (1980–1989). Studium historyczno-politologiczne (in Polish). Toruń: Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek. p. 143. ISBN 83-7322-229-4.
- ^ Chrzanowski, Wiesław (2014). Artur Wołek; Małgorzata Bartyzel (eds.). "Rzecz o obronie czynnej". Polska naszych pragnień, Polska naszych możliwości. Antologia Polityki Polskiej (in Polish): 68. ISBN 978-83-62628-32-2.
- ^ Łukasik-Turecka, Agnieszka (2016). Anna Bartoś (ed.). Oblicza wyborów. Studia wyborcze i analizy kampanii parlamentarnej w 2015 roku na Lubelszczyźnie (in Polish). Lublin: Wydawnictwo KUL. pp. 155–156. ISBN 978-83-8061-354-6.
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
skorutwas invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Tracz, Bogusław (2010). Adam Dziuba; Sebastian Rosenbaum (eds.). "Dekompozycja, rozkład i demontaż struktur wojewódzkich: PZPR w Katowicach". Upadek systemu komunistycznego na Górnym Śląsku. Wokół przemian 1989 roku w województwach katowickim i opolskim (in Polish). 4. Katowice: IPN Katowice: 122–189.