Back Paus Yohanes Paulus II ACE Pous Johannes Paulus II Afrikaans Johannes Paul II. GSW ፓፓ ዮዓነስ ፓውሉስ 2ኛ Amharic Chuan-Pavlo II AN Iohannes Paulus II Papa ANG يوحنا بولس الثاني Arabic ܦܐܦܐ ܝܘܚܢܢ ܦܘܠܘܣ ܬܪܝܢܐ ARC يوحنا بولس التانى ARZ Xuan Pablu II AST
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Pope John Paul II[b] (born Karol Józef Wojtyła;[c] 18 May 1920 – 2 April 2005) was head of the Catholic Church and sovereign of the Vatican City State from 16 October 1978 until his death in 2005. He was the first non-Italian pope since Adrian VI in the 16th century, as well as the third-longest-serving pope in history, after Pius IX and St. Peter.
In his youth, Wojtyła dabbled in stage acting. He graduated with excellent grades from an all-boys high school in Wadowice, Poland, in 1938, soon after which World War II broke out. During the war, to avoid being kidnapped and sent to a German forced labour camp, he signed up for work in harsh conditions in a quarry. Wojtyła eventually took up acting and developed a love for the profession and participated at a local theatre. The linguistically skilled Wojtyła wanted to study Polish at university. Encouraged by a conversation with Adam Stefan Sapieha, he decided to study theology and become a priest. Eventually, Wojtyła rose to the position of Archbishop of Kraków and then a cardinal, both positions held by his mentor. Wojtyła was elected pope on the third day of the October 1978 conclave, becoming one of the youngest popes in history. The conclave was called after the death of John Paul I, who served only 33 days as pope. Wojtyła adopted the name of his predecessor in tribute to him.[7]
John Paul II attempted to improve the Catholic Church's relations with Judaism, Islam, and the Eastern Orthodox Church in the spirit of ecumenism, holding atheism as the greatest threat. He maintained the Church's previous positions on such matters as abortion, artificial contraception, the ordination of women, and a celibate clergy, and although he supported the reforms of the Second Vatican Council, he was seen as generally conservative in their interpretation.[8][9] He put emphasis on family and identity, while questioning consumerism, hedonism and the pursuit of wealth. He was one of the most-travelled world leaders in history, visiting 129 countries during his pontificate. As part of his special emphasis on the universal call to holiness, John Paul II beatified 1,344 people,[10] and canonised 483 saints, more than the combined tally of his predecessors during the preceding five centuries. By the time of his death, he had named most of the College of Cardinals, consecrated or co-consecrated many of the world's bishops, and ordained many priests.[11] John Paul II died on 2 April 2005, and was succeeded by Benedict XVI.
John Paul II has been credited with fighting against dictatorships and with helping to end communist rule in his native Poland and the rest of Europe.[12] Under John Paul II, the Catholic Church greatly expanded its influence in Africa and Latin America and retained its influence in Europe and the rest of the world. On 19 December 2009, he was proclaimed venerable by Benedict XVI, and on 1 May 2011 (Divine Mercy Sunday) he was beatified. On 27 April 2014, John Paul II was canonised by Francis, alongside John XXIII.[13] He has been criticised for allegedly, as archbishop under Communist Poland, having been insufficiently harsh in acting against the sexual abuse of children by priests,[14] though the allegations themselves were criticised by some Polish journalists on the grounds of stemming from sources such as anti-pontifical clergy[15][16] and Polish communist authorities.[17] After his canonisation, he has been referred to by some Catholics as Pope St. John Paul the Great, though that title is not official.[18]
Under John Paul II, two of the most important documents of the contemporary Catholic Church were drafted and promulgated: the 1983 Code of Canon Law, which revised and updated the 1917 Code of Canon Law, and the Catechism of the Catholic Church, the first universal catechism to be issued since the Roman Catechism.
- ^ "St. John Paul II, the patron saint of families". 27 April 2014. Retrieved 2 May 2014.
- ^ "John Paul II proclaimed the patron saint of Świdnica". 9 May 2012. Retrieved 2 May 2014.
- ^ "Trecastelli celebra il suo patron ricordando Giovanni Paolo II". Centro Pagina. 21 October 2017. Retrieved 31 March 2018.
- ^ "Comune di Borgo Mantovano (MN)". Tuttitalia. Retrieved 31 March 2018.
- ^ "Il santo patrono del nuovo commune è Giovanni Paolo II". Messaggero Veneto. 11 April 2015. Retrieved 31 March 2018.
- ^ "Mass Schedule for St. John Paul II Parish". 3 February 2020. Retrieved 3 February 2020.
- ^ "John Paul the Great Catholic University". John Paul the Great Catholic University. Archived from the original on 22 January 2012. Retrieved 28 January 2012.
- ^ "John Paul's Conservative Legacy". CBS News. 3 April 2005. Retrieved 1 January 2023.
- ^ "The Riddle of John Paul II". Beliefnet. Retrieved 18 May 2018.
- ^ "Beatifications By Pope John Paul II, 1979–2000". Office of Papal Liturgical Celebrations. Retrieved 1 January 2023.
- ^ "Pope John Paul II (St. Karol Józef Wojtyła)". Catholic-Hierarchy.org. David M. Cheney. Retrieved 31 October 2014.
- ^ Lenczowski, John (2002). "Public Diplomacy and the Lessons of the Soviet Collapse". JSTOR review.
- ^ "Report: Pope Francis Says John Paul II to Be Canonized April 27". National Catholic Register. 3 September 2013. Archived from the original on 5 November 2013. Retrieved 6 September 2013.
- ^ Lepiarz, Jacek (15 March 2023). "Poland: John Paul II abuse cover-up claims divide a nation". Deutsche Welle. Retrieved 16 March 2023.
- ^ "Kontrowersje wokół Jana Pawła II. "Znawcy życia i dorobku" papieża komentują". Polsat News (in Polish). 11 March 2023. Retrieved 25 April 2023.
- ^ "Kłamstwa w reportażu o Janie Pawle II. Czego nie powiedziano w dokumencie – Wiadomości – polskieradio24.pl". polskieradio24.pl (in Polish). Retrieved 25 April 2023.
- ^ "Prof. Skibiński: komuniści podjęli szeroko zakrojoną akcję dyskredytacji duchowieństwa – Wiadomości – polskieradio24.pl". polskieradio24.pl (in Polish). Retrieved 28 April 2023.
- ^ "John Paul the Great Catholic University". Archived from the original on 5 February 2016. Retrieved 13 February 2016.
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