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Puntland
| |
|---|---|
| Puntland State of Somalia[1] | |
 | |
| Coordinates: 8°24′N 48°29′E / 8.400°N 48.483°E | |
| Capital | Garowe |
| Government | |
| • Type | De jure federated state of Somalia De facto Unitary presidential republic |
| • President | Said Abdullahi Deni |
| • Vice-President | Ilyas Osman Lugator |
| • House Speaker | Abdirizak Ahmed Said |
| Area | |
• Total | 212,510 km2 (82,050 sq mi) |
| • Water | 21,711 km2 (8,383 sq mi) |
| Population | |
• Estimate (2016)[3] | 4,334,633 |
| Demonym | Puntlander |
| Time zone | UTC+3 (EAT) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC+3 |
| Calling code | +25290 (Somalia) |
| ISO 3166 code | SO |
Puntland[a] is an independent state,[4][5][6] widely considered an autonomous territory of Somalia. It was formed in 1998, and was a federal member state of Somalia from its founding until 2024. Puntland is located northeast of Somalia and east of Somaliland. Its capital is the city of Garoowe in the Nugal region.[7] The state had a population of 4,334,633 in 2016.[3]
Puntland is bordered by Somaliland to its west, the Gulf of Aden in the north, the Guardafui Channel in the northeast, the Indian Ocean in the southeast, Somalia, more specifically the central Galmudug region in the south, and Ethiopia in the southwest. There are several major geographical apexes in Puntland, including the Cape Guardafui, which forms the tip of the Horn of Africa, Ras Hafun the easternmost place on the entire African continent, and the beginning of the Karkaar mountain range.
The name "Puntland" is derived from the Land of Punt mentioned in ancient Egyptian sources, although the exact location of the fabled territory is still a mystery. Many studies suggest that the Land of Punt was located in present-day Somalia,[8][9] whereas others propose that it was situated elsewhere.[10]
On 31 March 2024, following changes due to the constitutional crisis, the government of Puntland stated that it no longer recognizes the authority of the Somali federal government and would no longer participate in Somali federal institutions. Furthermore, it has declared itself as an independent state based on Article 4 of the Puntland Constitution that would allow it to "operate as the independent state" until there is a federal government with a constitution agreed upon in a referendum in which Puntland participates.[4][5][6]
- ^ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 10 June 2017. Retrieved 30 May 2017.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - ^ "Rankings – Countries and Territories of the World • PopulationData.net". Archived from the original on 29 June 2021. Retrieved 28 June 2021.
- ^ a b "Puntland Facts and Figures 2012–2017" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 31 July 2023. Retrieved 31 July 2023.
- ^ a b "Somalia: Puntland refuses to recognise FG after disputed constitutional changes". TVC News. 3 April 2024. Archived from the original on 22 April 2024. Retrieved 15 September 2024.
- ^ a b Ahmed, Mohamed Omar (1 April 2024). "Puntland to Operate Independently from Somalia after Law Change". Bloomberg News. Archived from the original on 1 April 2024. Retrieved 2 April 2024.
- ^ a b Ben Mariem, Salma (1 April 2024). "Somalia state of Puntland rejects constitutional amendments and withdraws from federal government". Jurist News. Archived from the original on 8 April 2024. Retrieved 15 September 2024.
- ^ "Puntland State of Somalia". Archived from the original on 5 November 2018. Retrieved 31 January 2019.
- ^ Dan Richardson, Egypt, (Rough Guides: 2003), p. 404 ISBN 1858281881
- ^ Ian McMahan, Secrets of the Pharaohs, (HarperCollins: 1998), p. 92 ISBN 0380797208
- ^ David B. O'Connor, Stephen Quirke, Quir O'Connor, Mysterious lands, (UCL Press: 2003), p. 64 ISBN 1598742078
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