Back الاغتصاب خلال حرب استقلال بنغلاديش Arabic বাংলাদেশ মুক্তিযুদ্ধৰ সময়ত ধৰ্ষণ Assamese বাংলাদেশের স্বাধীনতা যুদ্ধের সময় ধর্ষণ Bengali/Bangla Violence sexuelle pendant la guerre de libération du Bangladesh French बांग्लादेश मुक्ति संग्राम के समय महिलाओं के साथ बलात्कार Hindi د بنګله دېش خپلواکۍ جګړې پرمهال د جنسي تېريو پېښې Pashto/Pushto Изнасилования во время войны за независимость Бангладеш Russian வங்காளதேச விடுதலைப் போரின்போது வன்புணர்வு Tamil
 | This article's lead section contains information that is not included elsewhere in the article. (March 2025) |
During the Bangladesh Liberation War in 1971, members of the Pakistani military and Razakar paramilitary force raped between 200,000 and 400,000 Bengali women and girls in a systematic campaign of genocidal rape.[1][2][3][4] Some of these women died in captivity or committed suicide, while others moved from East Pakistan (now Bangladesh) to India.
Both Bengali Muslim and Bengali Hindu women were targeted for rape.[5] West Pakistani men wanted to cleanse a nation corrupted by the presence of Hindus and believed that the sacrifice of Hindu women was needed; Bengali women were thus viewed as Hindu or Hindu-like.[6] These rapes apparently caused thousands of pregnancies, births of war babies, abortions, infanticide, suicide, and ostracism of the victims. This is often asserted to be one of the severest occurrences of wartime sexual violence.[7] The atrocities ended after the December 1971 surrender of the Pakistani military and supporting Razakar militias.[8][9]
During the war, Bengali nationalists also committed mass rape of ethnic Bihari Muslim women, since the Bihari Muslim community was accused of being supportive of Pakistan.[10][failed verification] Bengali Muslim men were targets of rape by West Pakistani soldiers as well.[11]
In 2009, almost 40 years after the events of 1971, a report published by the War Crimes Fact Finding Committee of Bangladesh accused 1,597 people of war crimes, including rape. Since 2010, the International Crimes Tribunal (ICT) has indicted, tried, and sentenced several people to life imprisonment or death for their actions during the conflict. The stories of the rape victims have been told in movies and literature, and depicted in art. The term Birangana was first introduced in 1971 by Sheikh Mujibur Rahman to refer to victims of rape during the Bangladesh Liberation War, in an attempt to prevent them from being outcast by the society.[12] Since 1972, victims of rape during the war have been recognized as Birangona, or "war heroines", by the government of Bangladesh.[12]
- ^ Sharlach 2000, pp. 92–93.
- ^ Sajjad 2012, p. 225.
- ^ Ghadbian 2002, p. 111.
- ^ Mookherjee 2012, p. 68.
- ^ Mookherjee 2021, p. 594.
- ^ Saikia 2011a, p. 52.
- ^ Shafqat 2007, p. 593: "The Bangladesh liberation war is often asserted to be one of the most grievous examples of wartime rape".
- ^ Kabia 2008, p. 13.
- ^ Wheeler 2000, p. 13.
- ^ D'Costa 2011, p. 104.
- ^ Branche, R.; Virgili, F. (26 October 2012). Rape in Wartime. Springer. ISBN 978-1-137-28339-9.
- ^ a b Mookherjee, Nayanika (June 2006). "'Remembering to forget': public secrecy and memory of sexual violence in the Bangladesh war of 1971". Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute. 12 (2): 433–450. doi:10.1111/j.1467-9655.2006.00299.x. ISSN 1359-0987.