Section 123 Agreement

123 Agreement countries as of February 2025
  Current
  Euratom members
  Former
  United States

Section 123 of the United States Atomic Energy Act of 1954, titled "Cooperation With Other Nations", establishes an agreement for cooperation as a prerequisite for nuclear deals between the US and any other nation.[1][2] Such an agreement is called a 123 Agreement.[3] To date, the U.S. has entered into roughly twenty-six 123 Agreements with 52 countries.[4]

  1. ^ "NUREG0980 Vol.1, No.6 - Nuclear Regulatory Legislation" (PDF). Retrieved July 25, 2007.
  2. ^ Kerr, Paul K.; Nikitin, Mary Beth D. (December 27, 2016). Nuclear Cooperation with Other Countries: A Primer (PDF). Washington, DC: Congressional Research Service. Retrieved 12 October 2017.
  3. ^ Nuclear Nonproliferation Issue, Issue Brief for Congress, May 10, 2002.
  4. ^ "123 Agreements for Peaceful Cooperation". National Nuclear Security Administration.

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