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Sedoreoviridae

Sedoreoviridae
Cryo-EM reconstruction of a rotavirus
Virus classification Edit this classification
(unranked): Virus
Realm: Riboviria
Kingdom: Orthornavirae
Phylum: Duplornaviricota
Class: Resentoviricetes
Order: Reovirales
Family: Sedoreoviridae
Subfamilies and genera

see text

Sedoreoviridae (formerly Reoviridae) is a family of double-stranded RNA viruses. Member viruses have a wide host range, including vertebrates, invertebrates, plants, protists and fungi.[1] They lack lipid envelopes and package their segmented genome within multi-layered capsids. Lack of a lipid envelope has allowed three-dimensional structures of these large complex viruses (diameter ~60–100 nm) to be obtained, revealing a structural and likely evolutionary relationship to the cystovirus family of bacteriophage.[2] There are currently 97 species in this family, divided among 15 genera in two subfamilies.[3] Reoviruses can affect the gastrointestinal system (such as rotaviruses) and respiratory tract.[4] The name "reo-" is an acronym for "respiratory enteric orphan" viruses.[5] The term "orphan virus" refers to the fact that some of these viruses have been observed not associated with any known disease. Even though viruses in the family Reoviridae have more recently been identified with various diseases, the original name is still used.

Reovirus infections occur often in humans, but most cases are mild or subclinical. Rotaviruses, however, can cause severe diarrhea and intestinal distress in children, and lab studies in mice have implicated orthoreoviruses in the expression of coeliac disease in pre-disposed individuals.[6] The virus can be readily detected in feces, and may also be recovered from pharyngeal or nasal secretions, urine, cerebrospinal fluid, and blood. Despite the ease of finding reoviruses in clinical specimens, their role in human disease or treatment is still uncertain.

Some viruses of this family, such as phytoreoviruses and oryzaviruses, infect plants. Most of the plant-infecting reoviruses are transmitted between plants by insect vectors. The viruses replicate in both the plant and the insect, generally causing disease in the plant, but little or no harm to the infected insect.[7]: 148 

  1. ^ "Viral Zone". ExPASy. Retrieved 15 June 2015.
  2. ^ Guglielmi, KM; Johnson, EM; Stehle, T; Dermody, TS (2006). "Attachment and Cell Entry of Mammalian Orthoreovirus". Reoviruses: Entry, Assembly and Morphogenesis. Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology. Vol. 309. pp. 1–38. doi:10.1007/3-540-30773-7_1. ISBN 978-3-540-30772-3. PMID 16909895. {{cite book}}: |journal= ignored (help)
  3. ^ "Virus Taxonomy: 2019 Release". talk.ictvonline.org. International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses. Retrieved 11 May 2020.
  4. ^ Patton JT, ed. (2008). Segmented Double-stranded RNA Viruses: Structure and Molecular Biology. Caister Academic Press. ISBN 978-1-904455-21-9.
  5. ^ Fenner, F (June 1976). "The classification and nomenclature of viruses. Summary of results of meetings of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses in Madrid, September 1975". Virology. 71 (2): 371–8. doi:10.1016/0042-6822(76)90364-0. PMC 7131526. PMID 820065.
  6. ^ Bouziat, R; et al. (April 7, 2017). "Reovirus infection triggers inflammatory responses to dietary antigens and development of celiac disease". Science. 356 (6333): 44–50. Bibcode:2017Sci...356...44B. doi:10.1126/science.aah5298. PMC 5506690. PMID 28386004.
  7. ^ Carter, John; Saunders, Venetia (2007). Virology: Principles and Applications. West Sussex: Wiley. ISBN 978-0-470-02386-0.
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