Back مثل (سیک) AZB Misl Catalan Misl Spanish مثل (سیک) Persian सिक्खों की मिसलें Hindi Misl Italian 시크 연맹 Korean Misl Dutch ਮਿਸਲ Punjabi مثل PNB
Sikh Confederacy Sikh Misalā | |||||||||||||
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| 1748–1799 | |||||||||||||
 Seal of the Khalsa (1759)
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| Motto: ਅਕਾਲ ਸਹਾਇ Akāl Sahāi "With God's Grace" | |||||||||||||
| Anthem: ਦੇਗ ਤੇਗ ਫ਼ਤਿਹ Dēg Tēg Fateh "Victory to Charity and Arms" | |||||||||||||
 Map of the Sikh Confederacy (1782) | |||||||||||||
| Status | Confederation | ||||||||||||
| Capital | Amritsar | ||||||||||||
| Language | Punjabi | ||||||||||||
| Religion | Sikhism (official) | ||||||||||||
| Government | Aristocratic republics[1] | ||||||||||||
| Jathedar | |||||||||||||
• 1748–1753 | Nawab Kapur Singh | ||||||||||||
• 1753–1783 | Jassa Singh Ahluwalia | ||||||||||||
• 1783–1799 | Naina Singh | ||||||||||||
| Legislature | Sarbat Khalsa | ||||||||||||
| History | |||||||||||||
• Passing of Gurmata to establish the Sikh Confederacy | 29 March 1748 | ||||||||||||
• Ranjit Singh unites the Sikh Confederacy into the Sikh Empire | 7 July 1799 | ||||||||||||
| Currency | Nanakshahi | ||||||||||||
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| Today part of | India Pakistan | ||||||||||||
The Sikh Confederacy was a confederation of twelve sovereign Sikh states (each known as a Misl, derived from the Arabic word مِثْل meaning 'equal'; sometimes spelt as Misal)[2][3][4][5] which rose during the 18th century in the Punjab region in the northwestern part of the Indian subcontinent and is cited as one of the causes of the weakening of the Mughal Empire prior to Nader Shah's invasion of India (1738–1740).[6]
- ^ Singh, Khushwant (26 March 2024). A History of the Sikhs: 1469-1838. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-567308-1.
- ^ Herrli, Hans (1993). The Coins of the Sikhs. p. 11.
The word misl seems to have been derived from an Arabic word meaning: equal.
- ^ Heath, Ian (1 January 2005). "The Sikh Army". Osprey. ISBN 9781841767772. Retrieved 9 June 2013.
- ^ "The Khalsa Era". Nishan Sahib. 2011. Retrieved 9 June 2013.
- ^ Kaur, Prabhjot; Sharma, Rohita (3 June 2021). "CONTRIBUTION OF SIKH MISLS IN GREAT SIKH HISTORY" (PDF). Impact Journals. 9 (6): 20.
- ^ Kakshi et al. 2007, p. 73