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| Solanaceae | |
|---|---|
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| A flowering Brugmansia suaveolens from the US Botanic Garden | |
Scientific classification 
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| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Eudicots |
| Clade: | Asterids |
| Order: | Solanales |
| Family: | Solanaceae Juss. |
| Subfamilies[1] | |
| Synonyms | |
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Solanaceae (/ˌsɒləˈneɪsi.iː, -ˌaɪ/),[3] commonly known as the nightshades, is a family of flowering plants that includes annual and perennial herbs to vines, lianas, epiphytes, shrubs, and trees, and includes a number of agricultural crops, medicinal plants, spices, weeds, and ornamentals. Many members of the family contain potent alkaloids, and some are highly toxic, but many—including tomatoes, potatoes, eggplant, bell and chili peppers—are used as food. Solanaceae consists of about 98 genera and some 2,700 species, with a great diversity of habitats, morphology and ecology.
The family includes a number of commonly collected or cultivated species. The most economically important genus of the family is Solanum, which contains the potato (S. tuberosum), the tomato (S. lycopersicum), and the eggplant (S. melongena). Another important genus, Capsicum, produces both chili peppers and bell peppers. The genus Physalis produces the so-called groundcherries, as well as the tomatillo (Physalis philadelphica) and Physalis peruviana (Cape gooseberry). Alkekengi officinarum (Chinese Lantern) was previously included in the genus Physalis (as Physalis alkekengi), until molecular and genetic evidence placed it as the type species of a new genus.[4][5] The genus Lycium contains the boxthorns and the goji berry, Lycium barbarum. Nicotiana contains, among other species, tobacco. Some other important members of Solanaceae include a number of ornamental plants such as Petunia, Browallia, and Lycianthes, and sources of psychoactive alkaloids, Datura, Mandragora (mandrake), and Atropa bella-donna (deadly nightshade). Certain species are widely known for their medicinal uses, their psychotropic effects, or for being poisonous.[6]
This family has a worldwide distribution, being present on all continents except Antarctica. The greatest diversity in species is found in South America and Central America. Most of the economically important genera are contained in the subfamily Solanoideae, with the exceptions of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum, Nicotianoideae) and Petunia (Petunia × hybrida, Petunioideae), both of which are used as model organisms.[7][8]
- ^ "Solanaceae Juss., nom. cons". Germplasm Resources Information Network. United States Department of Agriculture. 2007-04-12. Archived from the original on 2009-05-06. Retrieved 2009-04-16.
- ^ "Duckeodendraceae". Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Retrieved 2025-01-25.
- ^ Lee, M. R. (June 2006). "The Solanaceae: foods and poisons". Journal of the Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh. 36 (2): 162–169. doi:10.1177/1478271520063602021. ISSN 1478-2715. PMID 17153152. Archived from the original on 2023-03-09. Retrieved 2023-03-09.
- ^ "Alkekengi officinarum - Species Page - NYFA: New York Flora Atlas". newyork.plantatlas.usf.edu. Retrieved 2022-08-18.
- ^ "Plant database entry for Chinese Lantern (Alkekengi officinarum) with 35 images, 2 comments, and 26 data details". garden.org. Archived from the original on 2022-11-17. Retrieved 2022-08-18.
- ^ Fatur, Karsten (June 2020). ""Hexing Herbs" in Ethnobotanical Perspective: A Historical Review of the Uses of Anticholinergic Solanaceae Plants in Europe". Economic Botany. 74 (2): 140–158. Bibcode:2020EcBot..74..140F. doi:10.1007/s12231-020-09498-w. ISSN 0013-0001. S2CID 220844064.
- ^ Niedbała, Gniewko; Niazian, Mohsen; Sabbatini, Paolo (2021). "Modeling Agrobacterium-Mediated Gene Transformation of Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum)—A Model Plant for Gene Transformation Studies". Frontiers in Plant Science. 12: 695110. doi:10.3389/fpls.2021.695110. ISSN 1664-462X. PMC 8370025. PMID 34413865.
- ^ Gerats, Tom; Vandenbussche, Michiel (2005-05-01). "A model system for comparative research: Petunia". Trends in Plant Science. Special Issue: Plant model systems. 10 (5): 251–256. Bibcode:2005TPS....10..251G. doi:10.1016/j.tplants.2005.03.005. ISSN 1360-1385. PMID 15882658.