Back Tradisionele kennis Afrikaans معرفة تقليدية Arabic Традиционни знания Bulgarian ঐতিহ্যগত জ্ঞান Bengali/Bangla Traditionelles Wissen German Tradicia scio Esperanto Conocimiento tradicional Spanish Traditsioonilised teadmised Estonian دانش سنتی Persian Savoirs traditionnels French
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Traditional knowledge (TK), indigenous knowledge (IK), folk knowledge, and local knowledge generally refers to knowledge systems embedded in the cultural traditions of regional, indigenous, or local communities.[1]
Traditional knowledge includes types of knowledge about traditional technologies of areas such as subsistence (e.g. tools and techniques for hunting or agriculture), midwifery, ethnobotany and ecological knowledge, traditional medicine, celestial navigation, craft skills, ethnoastronomy, climate, and others. These systems of knowledge are generally based on accumulations of empirical observation of and interaction with the environment, transmitted orally across generations.[2][3]
The World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) and the United Nations (UN) include traditional cultural expressions (TCE) in their respective definitions of indigenous knowledge. Traditional knowledge systems and cultural expressions exist in the forms of culture, stories, legends, folklore, rituals, songs, and laws,[4][5][6] languages, songlines, dance, games, mythology, designs, visual art and architecture.[7]
- ^ "Cultural heritage and new media: A future for the past". Retrieved 5 December 2019.
- ^ Apetrei, Cristina I.; Caniglia, Guido; von Wehrden, Henrik; Lang, Daniel J. (1 May 2021). "Just another buzzword? A systematic literature review of knowledge-related concepts in sustainability science". Global Environmental Change. 68: 102222. doi:10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2021.102222. ISSN 0959-3780.
However, there is some agreement that they all refer to: "a people's (1) shared system of knowledge or other expression about the environment and ecosystem relationships that is (2) developed through direct experience within a specific physical setting, and (3) is transmitted between or among generations"
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
blacktylianakiswas invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Kala, C.P. (2012) Traditional ecological knowledge and conservation of ethnobotanical species in the buffer zone of Pachmarhi Biosphere Reserve, Madhya Pradesh. Indian Institute of Forest Management, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh. 194 pp
- ^ Turner, N. J., Ignace, M. B., & Ignace, R. (2000). Traditional ecological knowledge and wisdom of aboriginal peoples in British Columbia. Ecological applications, 10(5), 1275-1287
- ^ Kala, C.P. (2004). Studies on the indigenous knowledge, practices and traditional uses of forest products by human societies in Uttaranchal state of India. G.B. Pant Institute of Himalayan Environment and Development, Almora, India. 82 pp.
- ^ Terri Janke and Company; Janke, Terri; Sentina, Maiko (2018). Indigenous Knowledge: Issues for Protection and Management: Discussion paper (PDF). Commissioned by IP Australia and the Department of Industry, Innovation and Science. Commonwealth of Australia. Archived from the original (PDF) on 1 November 2022.