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Two witnesses

The two witnesses, as depicted in the Bamberg Apocalypse, an 11th-century illuminated manuscript.

The two witnesses (Ancient Greek: δύο μάρτυρες, romanized: duo martyres) are two literary figures who are mentioned in Revelation 11:1-14. Some Christians interpret this as two literal people, such as Moses and Elijah or Saint Peter and Saint Paul. Others interpret this as a symbol for a group or groups of people, such as the Christian church (one group) or the Jews and the Christians (two groups). Still others interpret this as a symbol of two concepts, such as the Torah and Nevi’im or the Old Testament and New Testament. The earliest interpretation of the two witnesses is that they are Enoch and Elijah, the only two that did not see death as required by the Scriptures.[1] Hippolytus of Rome is the first commentator to unambiguously present this view.[2]

  1. ^ "And as it is appointed unto all men once to die, but after this the judgement." Hebrews 9:27
  2. ^ Hippolytus, On Christ and Antichrist 43-47, 64; and Hippolytus, Commentary on Daniel 4.35, 50
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