Back لقاح التيفوئيد Arabic واکسن حصبه AZB টাইফয়েড টিকা Bengali/Bangla Typhusimpfstoff German Εμβόλια τυφοειδούς πυρετού Greek Vacuna contra la fiebre tifoidea Spanish واکسن حصبه Persian Vaccin contre la typhoïde French Alurar rigakafin typhoid Hausa Hastífusz elleni védőoltás Hungarian
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| Vaccine description | |
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| Target | Typhoid |
| Clinical data | |
| Trade names | Typhim Vi, Vivotif |
| AHFS/Drugs.com | Monograph |
| MedlinePlus | a607028 |
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Typhoid vaccines are vaccines that prevent typhoid fever.[1][2][3] Several types are widely available: typhoid conjugate vaccine (TCV), Ty21a (a live oral vaccine) and Vi capsular polysaccharide vaccine (ViPS) (an injectable subunit vaccine). Depending on the type, typhoid vaccines are estimated to be about 50% to 85% effective.[4][5][6] The Vi-rEPA vaccine is efficacious in children.[7]
The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends vaccinating all children in areas where the disease is common.[1] Otherwise they recommend vaccinating those at high risk.[1] Vaccination campaigns can also be used to control outbreaks of disease.[1] Depending on the vaccine, additional doses are recommended every three to seven years.[1] In the United States the vaccine is only recommended in those at high risk such as travelers to areas of the world where the disease is common.[8]
The vaccines available as of 2018 are very safe.[1] Minor side effects may occur at the site of injection.[1] The injectable vaccine is safe in people with HIV/AIDS and the oral vaccine can be used as long as symptoms are not present.[1] While it has not been studied during pregnancy, the non-live vaccines are believed to be safe while the live vaccine is not recommended.[1]
The first typhoid vaccines were developed in 1896 by Almroth Edward Wright, Richard Pfeiffer, and Wilhelm Kolle.[9] Due to side-effects newer formulations are recommended as of 2018.[1] It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.[10][11]
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j World Health Organization (2018). "Typhoid vaccines: WHO position paper – March 2018". Weekly Epidemiological Record. 93 (13): 153–172. hdl:10665/272273.
- ^ "Summary of the WHO Position Paper on Typhoid vaccines: WHO position paper – March 2018" (PDF). origin.who.int. 23 October 2019. Archived from the original (PDF) on 23 October 2019.
- ^ World Health Organization (2019). "Typhoid vaccines: WHO position paper, March 2018 - Recommendations". Vaccine. 37 (2): 214–216. doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2018.04.022. PMID 29661581. S2CID 4902671.
- ^ Camp RO, Shorman M (2025). "Typhoid Vaccine". StatPearls. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing. PMID 29262003. Retrieved 29 April 2025.
- ^ Milligan R, Paul M, Richardson M, Neuberger A (31 May 2018). "Vaccines for preventing typhoid fever". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 5 (5): CD001261. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD001261.pub4. ISSN 1469-493X. PMC 6494485. PMID 29851031.
- ^ Mahon BE, Newton AE, Mintz ED (17 June 2014). "Effectiveness of typhoid vaccination in US travelers". Vaccine. 32 (29): 3577–3579. doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2014.04.055. ISSN 1873-2518. PMC 4604742. PMID 24837780.
- ^ Milligan R, Paul M, Richardson M, Neuberger A (May 2018). "Vaccines for preventing typhoid fever". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 5 (5): CD001261. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD001261.pub4. PMC 6494485. PMID 29851031.
- ^ "Typhoid Vaccine Information Statement". U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). October 2019. Archived from the original on 8 December 2015. Retrieved 15 December 2015.
- ^ Flower DR (2008). Bioinformatics for Vaccinology. Chichester: John Wiley & Sons. pp. 40–41. ISBN 978-0-470-69982-9. Archived from the original on 22 December 2015.
- ^ World Health Organization (2019). World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 21st list 2019. Geneva: World Health Organization. hdl:10665/325771. WHO/MVP/EMP/IAU/2019.06. License: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO.
- ^ World Health Organization (2021). World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 22nd list (2021). Geneva: World Health Organization. hdl:10665/345533. WHO/MHP/HPS/EML/2021.02.