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20+%
15–19.9%
10–14.9%
5–9.9%
0–4.9%
| Rank | State | Percent union members |
Percent
change |
Union members |
Percent represented by unions |
Percent
change |
Represented by unions |
Total employed |
Right to Work |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 |  Hawaii |
26.5 |  2.4% |
147,000 | 27.5 | 1.9% |
153,000 | 556,000 | No |
| 2 |  New York |
20.6 |  |
1,706,000 | 21.9 | 0.4% |
1,814,000 | 8,278,000 | No |
| 3 |  Alaska |
17.7 | 2.9% |
53,000 | 19.5 | 4.3% |
58,000 | 300,000 | No |
| 4 |  Connecticut |
16.5 | 0.6% |
269,000 | 17.8 | 0.9% |
291,000 | 1,634,000 | No |
| 5 |  New Jersey |
16.2 | 0.1% |
682,000 | 17.4 | 0.1% |
730,000 | 4,197,000 | No |
| 6 |  Washington |
16.0 |  0.5% |
548,000 | 18.3 | 0.2% |
627,000 | 3,432,000 | No |
| 7 |  Oregon |
15.9 | 1.8% |
292,000 | 17.5 | 2.5% |
321,000 | 1,835,000 | No |
| 8 |  Massachusetts |
14.6 | 2.0% |
496,000 | 15.6 | 2.0% |
513,000 | 3,397,000 | No |
| 9 |  Rhode Island |
14.5 | 2.2% |
73,000 | 15.3 | 2.1% |
77,000 | 500,000 | No |
| 10 |  California |
14.5 | 0.9% |
2,381,000 | 16.3 | 0.6% |
2,678,000 | 16,399,000 | No |
| 11 |  Vermont |
14.3 | |
42,000 | 15.8 | 0.4% |
47,000 | 297,000 | No |
| 12 |  Minnesota |
14.2 | 0.9% |
379,000 | 14.8 | 0.7% |
394,000 | 2,668,000 | No |
| 13 |  Michigan |
13.4 | 0.6% |
581,000 | 14.7 | 0.6% |
639,000 | 4,346,000 | No |
| 14 |  Maine |
13.1 | 3.9% |
77,000 | 15.3 | 4.5% |
89,000 | 585,000 | No |
| 15 |  Illinois |
13.1 | 0.3% |
734,000 | 14.2 | 0.6% |
798,000 | 5,615,000 | No |
| 16 |  Nevada |
12.1 | 0.4% |
166,000 | 13.4 | 1.1% |
183,000 | 1,367,000 | Yes |
| 17 |  Ohio |
12.1 | 0.4% |
621,000 | 13.3 | 0.2% |
685,000 | 5,147,000 | No |
| 18 |  Montana |
11.9 | 0.1% |
56,000 | 13.1 | 0.1% |
62,000 | 474,000 | No |
| 19 |  Pennsylvania |
11.7 | 1.2% |
666,000 | 12.4 | 1.8% |
708,000 | 5,706,000 | No |
| 20 |  Maryland |
11.4 | 0.7% |
325,000 | 13.4 | 0.6% |
382,000 | 2,851,000 | No |
| 21 |  District of Columbia |
10.6 | 1.5% |
38,000 | 11.7 | 1.3% |
42,000 | 362,000 | No |
| 22 |  New Hampshire |
9.2 | 0.1% |
62,000 | 10.6 | 0.3% |
72,000 | 678,000 | No |
| 23 |  Indiana |
9.0 | 1.0% |
271,000 | 10.4 | 1.3% |
313,000 | 2,999,000 | Yes |
| 24 |  Kentucky |
8.8 | |
156,000 | 11.2 | 0.1% |
197,000 | 1,761,000 | Yes |
| 25 |  West Virginia |
8.8 | 0.1% |
61,000 | 10.0 | 0.1% |
70,000 | 699,000 | Yes |
| 26 |  Missouri |
8.6 | 0.7% |
234,000 | 9.3 | 1.1% |
255,000 | 2,734,000 | No |
| 27 |  Delaware |
8.5 | 0.3% |
37,000 | 8.9 | 1.2% |
39,000 | 435,000 | No |
| 28 |  Colorado |
7.7 | 0.8% |
206,000 | 8.0 | 0.6% |
214,000 | 2,671,000 | No |
| 29 |  New Mexico |
7.5 | |
63,000 | 8.8 | 0.3% |
73,000 | 834,000 | No |
| 30 |  Iowa |
7.2 | 0.8% |
93,000 | 8.8 | 0.5% |
119,000 | 1,437,000 | Yes |
| 31 |  Nebraska |
6.8 | 0.5% |
62,000 | 8.1 | 1.3% |
74,000 | 913,000 | Yes |
| 32 |  Alabama |
6.6 | 0.9% |
140,000 | 7.8 | 0.8% |
165,000 | 2,110,000 | Yes |
| 33 |  Wisconsin |
6.4 | 1.0% |
180,000 | 6.9 | 1.5% |
196,000 | 2,819,000 | Yes |
| 34 |  Kansas |
6.3 | 2.6% |
83,000 | 8.0 | 2.6% |
105,000 | 1,309,000 | Yes |
| 35 |  Wyoming |
5.6 | |
14,000 | 6.7 | 0.1% |
17,000 | 249,000 | Yes |
| 36 |  Oklahoma |
5.3 | 1.5% |
91,000 | 6.2 | 1.5% |
106,000 | 1,713,000 | Yes |
| 37 |  Mississippi |
5.2 | 1.8% |
59,000 | 7.9 | 1.9% |
90,000 | 1,129,000 | Yes |
| 38 |  Virginia |
5.2 | 0.9% |
207,000 | 5.7 | 0.1% |
229,000 | 3,997,000 | Yes |
| 39 |  Florida |
5.1 | 0.4% |
462,000 | 6.3 | 0.2% |
569,000 | 9,086,000 | Yes |
| 40 |  Idaho |
5.0 | 0.5% |
43,000 | 5.9 | 0.4% |
50,000 | 850,000 | Yes |
| 41 |  North Dakota |
5.0 | 1.2% |
18,000 | 6.3 | 1.2% |
23,000 | 366,000 | Yes |
| 42 |  Tennessee |
4.7 | 1.3% |
136,000 | 5.6 | 1.3% |
264,000 | 2,923,000 | Yes |
| 43 |  Texas |
4.5 | |
603,000 | 5.4 | |
716,000 | 13,345,000 | Yes |
| 44 |  Louisiana |
3.9 | 0.4% |
69,000 | 5.2 | 0.2% |
86,000 | 1,765,000 | Yes |
| 45 |  Georgia |
3.8 | 0.8% |
174,000 | 4.4 | 1.0% |
203,000 | 4,619,000 | Yes |
| 46 |  Utah |
3.7 | 0.4% |
58,000 | 7.8 | 0.6% |
122,000 | 1,558,000 | Yes |
| 47 |  Arizona |
3.7 | 0.5% |
118,000 | 4.5 | 0.3% |
144,000 | 3,183,000 | Yes |
| 48 |  Arkansas |
3.5 | 1.6% |
45,000 | 4.4 | 1.4% |
56,000 | 1,265,000 | Yes |
| 49 |  South Carolina |
2.8 | 0.5% |
61,000 | 4.1 | 1.1% |
89,000 | 2,163,000 | Yes |
| 50 |  South Dakota |
2.7 | 0.9% |
12,000 | 3.7 | 0.5% |
16,000 | 431,000 | Yes |
| 51 |  North Carolina |
2.4 | 0.3% |
108,000 | 3.1 | 0.2% |
142,000 | 4,555,000 | Yes |
| — |  United States |
9.9 | 0.1% |
14,255,000 | 11.1 | 0.1% |
16,023,000 | 144,522,000 | N/A |
- ^ Bureau of Labor Statistics (February 21, 2025). "Union members in 2024". Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Labor.
- ^ "Union Members Summary - 2024 A01 Results". www.bls.gov. Retrieved 2025-02-21.