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| Wright Flyer | |
|---|---|
 Seconds into the first airplane flight, near Kitty Hawk, North Carolina, on December 17, 1903 | |
| General information | |
| Other name(s) | Kitty Hawk, Flyer I, 1903 Flyer |
| Type | Experimental airplane |
| National origin | United States |
| Manufacturer | Wright Cycle Company |
| Designer | |
| Status | Preserved and displayed at the National Air and Space Museum[1] |
| Owners | Wright Brothers |
| Number built | 1 |
| Flights | 4 |
| History | |
| Manufactured | 1903 |
| First flight | December 17, 1903, 121 years ago[2] |
| Last flight | December 17, 1903 |
| Developed from | Wright Glider |
| Developed into | Wright Flyer II Wright Flyer III |
The Wright Flyer (also known as the Kitty Hawk,[3][4] Flyer I or the 1903 Flyer) made the first sustained flight by a manned heavier-than-air powered and controlled aircraft on December 17, 1903.[1] Invented and flown by brothers Orville and Wilbur Wright, it marked the beginning of the pioneer era of aviation.
The aircraft is a single-place biplane design with anhedral (drooping) wings, front double elevator (a canard) and rear double rudder. It used a 12 horsepower (9 kilowatts) gasoline engine powering two pusher propellers. Employing "wing warping", it was relatively unstable and very difficult to fly.[5]
The Wright brothers flew it four times in a location now part of the town of Kill Devil Hills, about 4 miles (6 kilometers) south of Kitty Hawk, North Carolina. The airplane flew 852 ft (260 m) on its fourth and final flight, but was damaged on landing, and wrecked minutes later when powerful gusts blew it over.
The brothers shipped the wreckage back to Dayton, and the aircraft never flew again. Orville later restored it and displayed it on several occasions. The Flyer joined the Smithsonian Institution's collection of historic aircraft in 1948 after the end of a long and bitter dispute between Orville and the Institution over its refusal to recognize the Flyer as the first successful airplane. Today, it is on display in a place of honor in the National Air and Space Museum in Washington, D.C.
- ^ a b "Wright Brothers". Smithsonian National Air and Space Museum. Archived from the original on September 29, 2021. Retrieved September 29, 2021.
- ^ "Telegram from Orville Wright in Kitty Hawk, North Carolina, to His Father Announcing Four Successful Flights, 1903 December 17". World Digital Library. December 17, 1903. Retrieved July 21, 2013.
- ^ Smithsonian Air and Space museum collection (click on Long Description)
- ^ Orville Wright note
- ^ Howard S. Wolko (1987). The Wright Flyer: An Engineering Perspective. National Air and Space Museum. pp. 12–13, 23, 32. ISBN 9780874749793.
