Gold Coast (Mulkin mallaka na Birtaniyya)

Gold Coast
Wuri
5°33′00″N 0°13′00″W / 5.55°N 0.2167°W / 5.55; -0.2167
Babban birni	Accra
Yawan mutane
Harshen gwamnati	Turanci
Addini	traditional African religion (en)
Bayanan tarihi
Mabiyi	Gold Coast (en)
Ƙirƙira	1821
Rushewa	1957
Ta biyo baya	Ghana
Tsarin Siyasa
Tsarin gwamnati	colony (en)
Ikonomi
Kuɗi	British West African pound (en)

Gold Coast yanki ne na mulkin mallakan Birtaniya da ke Gulf na Guinea a Afirka ta Yamma daga shekarar 1821 zuwa samun 'yancin kai a matsayin wani bangare na al'ummar Ghana a shekara ta 1957. Hakanan ana amfani da kalmar Gold Coast galibi don bayyana duk ƙananan hukunce-hukuncen guda huɗu waɗanda suke ƙarƙashin gwamnatin Gwamna na Gold Coast . Waɗannan su ne Yankin Gold Coast da kanta, Ashanti, Protearfafa Yankin Arewacin da kuma yankin amintaccen Burtaniya Togoland.

Farkon masu binciken Turai da suka isa bakin tekun su ne Fotigal a cikin shekarar 1471. Sun gamu da masarautun Afirka iri-iri, wasu daga cikinsu suna sarrafa tarin zinare a cikin ƙasa. A shekarar 1483, Turawan Fotigal sun zo nahiyar don karuwar kasuwanci. Sun gina Castle of Elmina, matsuguni na farko na Turai akan Gold Coast. Daga nan suka sami bayi da zinariya a cikin cinikin kayan Turai, kamar su wukake na ƙarfe, beads, madubai, rum, da bindigogi. Labarin cinikin nasara ya bazu cikin sauri, kuma 'yan kasuwa na Burtaniya, Dutch, Danish, da Sweden suma sun zo. 'Yan kasuwar Turai sun gina kagarai da yawa a gefen bakin teku. Kogin Gold ya kuma daɗe yana suna ga yankin da Turawa ke amfani da shi saboda albarkatun zinare da ake samu a yankin. Kasuwancin bayi shine babban musayar kuma babban ɓangare na tattalin arziƙin shekaru. A wannan lokacin, ƙasashen Turai sun fara bincika da mulkin mallaka na Amurka. Ba da daɗewa ba Fotigal da Sifen suka fara fitar da bayin Afirka zuwa ƙasashen Caribbean, da Arewacin da Kudancin Amurka. Dutch da Ingilishi suma sun shiga cinikin bayi, da farko suna ba da kasuwanni a cikin Caribbean da kuma gabar tekun Caribbean na Kudancin Amurka.

Kamfanin Royal Trading ya kafa ta a cikin shekarata 1752 don jagorantar kasuwancin ta a Afirka. Kamfanin Afirka na hanan Kasuwa ne ya maye gurbinsa, wanda ya jagoranci yunƙurin kasuwancin Biritaniya zuwa farkon ƙarni na 19. A cikin 1821 gwamnatin Burtaniya ta janye yarjejeniyarsu kuma ta ƙwace ƙasashe masu zaman kansu a bakin tekun. A cikin 1821, gwamnati ta kafa mulkin mallaka na Burtaniya na Kogin Gold, bayan da ta karɓi ragowar bukatun sauran ƙasashen Turai. Sun sayi kuma sun sanya kasar Kogin Zinariya a cikin 1850 da Dutch Kogin Zinariya, gami da Fort Elmina, a cikin shekarar 1872. Burtaniya ta fadada mulkin mallaka a hankali ta hanyar mamayewa da yin biyayya ga masarautun cikin gida har ila yau, musamman ma ƙungiyar Ashanti da Fante.

Mutanen Ashanti sun mallaki yawancin yankuna na Ghana kafin zuwan Turawa kuma galibi suna rikici dasu. A cikin karni na 21 sun ci gaba da kasancewa mafi yawan al'ummomin kabilu a Ghana. Yaƙe-yaƙe huɗu, yaƙe-yaƙe na Anglo-Ashanti, an yi su ne tsakanin Ashanti (Asante) da Birtaniyya, waɗanda a wasu lokutan suke ƙawance da Fante.

A lokacin Yaƙin Anglo-Ashanti na Farko (1822-24), ƙungiyoyin biyu sun yi faɗa saboda rashin jituwa a kan shugaban Ashanti da bautar. Turawan ingila sun soke cinikin bayi na tekun Atlantika amma suka ci gaba da kasancewa a cikin yankunanta har zuwa shekarar 1834. Tashin hankali ya karu a 1874 yayin Yakin Ashanti na Biyu (1873-74) lokacin da Birtaniyya ta kori Ashanti babban birnin Kumasi. Yakin Ashanti na Uku (1893–94) ya kuma faru ne saboda sabon mai mulkin Ashanti Asantehene yana son yin amfani da sabon taken nasa. Daga shekarar 1895–96 Turawan Burtaniya da Ashanti suka fafata a Yakin Ashanti na hudu kuma na karshe, inda Ashanti suka yi gwagwarmaya kuma suka rasa ‘yancinsu. A cikin 1900 tashin Ashanti ya faru. Turawan ingila sun murkushe tashin hankali kuma suka kame garin Kumasi. A karshen wannan makon Ashanti War, karkarar da Ashanti mutanen da suka zama a Birtaniya protectorate a 1 ga watan Janairun shekarata 1902.

Zuwa shekarar 1901, Birtaniyya ta kafa mulkin mallaka wanda ya hada dukkan Zinariya, tare da masarautun ta da kabilun da suke dauke da rukuni daya. Turawan sun yi amfani da albarkatun ƙasa iri-iri kamar su zinariya, karafan ƙarfe, lu'ulu'u, hauren giwa, barkono, katako, hatsi da koko. Turawan mulkin mallaka na Burtaniya sun gina hanyoyin jirgin kasa da hadaddun hanyoyin sufuri don tallafawa jigilar irin wadannan kayan masarufi. Wannan ya kafa tushe ga kayayyakin sufuri a cikin ƙasar Ghana ta zamani. Sun kuma gina asibitoci da makarantu irin na Yamma don samar da abubuwan more rayuwa ga mutanen masarautar. Alkawarin Ashanti da Fante samari galibi sun kammala karatun su a Biritaniya a wasu manyan jami'o'in ta.

Zuwa shekarar 1945, a sakamakon babban rawar mulkin mallaka a yakin duniya na biyu, masu kishin kasa a Kogin Zinariya sun dauki matsayin jagoranci wajen neman karin ikon cin gashin kai. A shekarar 1951-55 sun raba mulki tare da Birtaniyya. Zuwa 1956, Burtaniya Togoland, Ashanti protectorate, da Fante protectorate sun hade da Kogin Zinariya don kirkirar yanki daya, wanda ya zama sananne da Kogin Zinariya. Dokar 'Yancin Gana ta 1957 ta zama masarautar masarautar Kogin Zinariya a matsayin wani bangare na sabuwar mamayar Ghana.