Back Ystad y Goron Welsh Crown Estate Danish Crown Estate German Crown Estate Spanish املاک سلطنتی Persian Crown Estate French मुकुटिय संपदाएँ Hindi Lahan Mahkota ID Crown Estate Italian クラウン・エステート Japanese

Crown Estate

The Crown Estate
Company typeStatutory corporation under the Crown Estate Act 1961
IndustryProperty management
Founded1760
FounderParliament and George III, by the establishment of the Civil List
HeadquartersSt James's Market
London, SW1
Area served
United Kingdom
Key people
Products
  • Property
  • residential
  • seabed management
  • real estate services
  • offices
  • shopping centres
Revenue
  • Increase £490.8 million (2022)
  • £486.9 million (2021)
[1]
  • Increase £312.7 million (2022)
  • £269.3 million (2021)
[1]
75% to HM Treasury
25% to The Monarch
Total assets
  • Increase £15.6 billion (2022)
  • £14.4 billion (2021)
[1]
OwnerCharles III
(in right of The Crown)
Websitewww.thecrownestate.co.uk

The Crown Estate is a collection of lands and holdings in the United Kingdom belonging to the British monarch as a corporation sole, making it "the sovereign's public estate", which is neither government property nor part of the monarch's private estate.[2][3][4][5] The Crown Estate in England, Wales, and Northern Ireland is managed by the Crown Estate Commissioners. In Scotland, the Crown Estate is managed by Crown Estate Scotland, since the Scottish estate was devolved in 2017.[6]

The sovereign has official ownership of the estate, however, is not involved with the management or administration of the estate, and has no personal control of its affairs. For all practical purposes, the Estate Commissioners shall exercise "all such acts as belong to the Crown's rights of ownership" for the Estate "on behalf of the Crown".[7] The proceeds of the Estate, in part, funds the monarchy. The estate's extensive portfolio is overseen by a semi-independent, incorporated public body headed by the Crown Estate Commissioners, who exercise "the powers of ownership" of the estate, although they are not "owners in their own right".[2] The revenues from these hereditary possessions have been placed by the monarch at the disposition of His Majesty's Government in exchange for relief from the responsibility to fund the Civil Government.[8] These revenues proceed directly to His Majesty's Treasury, for the benefit of the British nation; a percentage of them is then distributed back to the monarch.[2][9][10] The Crown Estate is formally accountable to the Parliament of the United Kingdom,[11] where it is legally mandated to provide an annual report for the sovereign, a copy of which is forwarded to the House of Commons.[7]

The Crown Estate is one of the largest property managers in the United Kingdom, administering property worth £15.6 billion,[1] with urban properties, valued at £9.1 billion,[12] representing the majority of the estate by value. These include many properties in central London, but the estate also controls 7,920 km2 (3,060 sq mi) of agricultural land and forest and more than half of the UK's foreshore, and retains various other traditional holdings and rights, including Ascot Racecourse and Windsor Great Park.[13] While Windsor Home Park is also part of the Crown Estate, occupied royal palaces, such as Windsor Castle itself, are not part of the Crown Estate, but are managed through the Royal Household.[14] Naturally occurring gold and silver in the UK, collectively known as "Mines Royal", are managed by the Crown Estate and leased to mining operators.[15][16]

Historically, Crown Estate properties were administered by the reigning monarch to help fund the business of governing the country. However, in 1760, George III surrendered control over the estate's revenues to the Treasury,[5] thus relieving him of the responsibility of paying for the costs of the civil service, defence costs, the national debt, and his own personal debts. In return, he received an annual grant known as the Civil List.

By tradition, each subsequent monarch agreed to this arrangement upon his or her accession. On 1 April 2012, under the terms of the Sovereign Grant Act 2011 (SSG), the Civil List was abolished and the monarch has since been provided with a stable source of revenue indexed to a percentage of the Crown Estate's annual net income.[17] This was intended to provide a long-term solution and remove the politically sensitive issue of Parliament having to debate the Civil List allowance every ten years. Subsequently, the Sovereign Grant Act allows for all future monarchs to simply extend these provisions for their reigns by Order in Council.[3] The act does not imply any legal change in the nature of the estate's ownership, but is simply a benchmark by which the sovereign grant is set as a grant by Parliament.

King Charles III Accession Council on 10 September 2022 "was the first to include provision for the royal finances", and in one of his first signed Orders in Council, he confirmed his willingness to surrender control of the Crown’s hereditary revenues from the Crown Estate in exchange for the Sovereign Grant.[18]

  1. ^ a b c d "Our Annual Report 2021/22 | Our Annual Report 2021/22". www.thecrownestate.co.uk. Retrieved 28 December 2022.
  2. ^ a b c The House of Commons Treasury Committee (2010). The management of the Crown Estate (PDF). London: House of Commons. pp. 5–8.
  3. ^ a b "Sovereign Grant Bill – Further background information provided to Members of Parliament in advance of the Bill's Second Reading Debate on 14 July 2011" (PDF). Her Majesty's Treasury. July 2011. Archived from the original (PDF) on 29 January 2013. Retrieved 28 December 2015.
  4. ^ "FAQs: Who owns The Crown Estate?". London, UK: The Crown Estate. Retrieved 30 July 2019.
  5. ^ a b "Sovereign Grant Act,2011: Guidance". Her Majesty's Treasury (gov.uk). 2011. Retrieved 29 December 2015.
  6. ^ Hayward, Will (5 May 2023). "Welsh people say the Crown Estate should be devolved to Wales". WalesOnline. Retrieved 7 May 2023.
  7. ^ a b "Crown Estate Act, 1961" (PDF). Her Majesty's Stationery Office and Queen's Printer of Acts of Parliament. 1961. pp. 5–7. Retrieved 31 December 2015.
  8. ^ "The management of the Crown Estate". Parliament of the United Kingdom. Retrieved 17 May 2018.
  9. ^ "The Crown Estate – Who We Are". The Crown Estate. Archived from the original on 18 December 2015. Retrieved 29 December 2015.
  10. ^ "Gracious Message from the Queen to the House of Commons re: Sovereign Grant" (PDF). Buckingham Palace. 2011. Archived from the original (PDF) on 29 January 2013. Retrieved 29 December 2015.
  11. ^ "FAQs: What is The Crown Estate's relationship with the Treasury?". London, UK: The Crown Estate. Retrieved 30 July 2019.
  12. ^ "Integrated Annual Report 2015/16" (PDF). The Crown Estate. Retrieved 19 October 2016.
  13. ^ "Schedule of The Crown Estate's properties rights and interests June 2015" (PDF). The Crown Estate. Retrieved 19 October 2016.
  14. ^ House of Commons Treasury Committee (2010). The Management of the Crown Estate: Eighth Report of Session 2009-10. Vol. 1. Stationery Office. p. 30. ISBN 978-0-215-55322-5. Windsor Castle is an occupied Royal Palace and therefore not part of the Crown Estate.
  15. ^ "Our Portfolio". The Crown Estate. Archived from the original on 7 October 2016. Retrieved 19 October 2016.
  16. ^ "Commercial Development of Mines Royal". The Crown Estate. Archived from the original on 2 June 2016. Retrieved 19 October 2016.
  17. ^ "Report of the Royal Trustees on the sovereign grant" (PDF). HM government. Retrieved 11 October 2018.
  18. ^ Torrance, David (12 September 2023). King Charles III: First year of the reign (PDF) (Report). House of Commons Library.
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