Back هانز آيزنك Arabic هانز آيزنك ARZ Hans Eysenck AST Hans Ayzenk Azerbaijani هانس ایسنک AZB Ханс Айзенк Bulgarian Hans Eysenck Catalan Hans Eysenck Czech Hans Jürgen Eysenck Danish Hans Jürgen Eysenck German
Hans Eysenck | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Born | Hans Jürgen Eysenck 4 March 1916 |
| Died | 4 September 1997 (aged 81) London, England |
| Nationality | German |
| Citizenship | British |
| Alma mater | University College London |
| Known for | Intelligence, personality psychology, Eysenck Personality Questionnaire, differential psychology, education, psychiatry, behaviour therapy |
| Scientific career | |
| Fields | Psychology |
| Institutions | Institute of Psychiatry King's College London |
| Thesis | An experimental and statistical investigation of some factors influencing aesthetic judgment (1940) |
| Doctoral advisor | Cyril Burt |
| Doctoral students | Jeffrey Alan Gray, Donald Prell |
Hans Jürgen Eysenck[1] (/ˈaɪzɛŋk/ EYE-zenk; 4 March 1916 – 4 September 1997) was a German-born British psychologist. He is best remembered for his work on intelligence and personality, although he worked on other issues in psychology.[2][3] At the time of his death, Eysenck was the most frequently cited living psychologist in the peer-reviewed scientific journal literature.[4]
Eysenck's research purported to show that certain personality types had an elevated risk of cancer and heart disease. Scholars have identified errors and suspected data manipulation in Eysenck's work, and large replications have failed to confirm the relationships that he purported to find. An enquiry on behalf of King's College London found the papers by Eysenck coauthored with Ronald Grossarth-Maticek to be "incompatible with modern clinical science",[5] with 26 of the joint papers considered "unsafe".[clarification needed][6][7][5] Fourteen papers were retracted in 2020, and over 60 statements of concern were issued by scientific journals in 2020 about publications by Eysenck.[5] David Marks and Rod Buchanan, a biographer of Eysenck, have argued that 87 publications by Eysenck should be retracted.[8][5]
During his life, Eysenck's claims about IQ scores and race, first published in 1971, were a significant source of controversy.[9][10] Eysenck claimed that IQ scores were influenced by genetic differences between racial groups. Eysenck's beliefs on race have been discredited by subsequent research, and are no longer accepted as part of mainstream science.[9][10]
- ^ "Hans Eysenck Official Site". Hans Eysenck. Retrieved 30 January 2020.
- ^ Boyle, G.J., & Ortet, G. (1997). Hans Jürgen Eysenck: Obituario. Ansiedad y Estrés (Anxiety and Stress), 3, i-ii.
- ^ Boyle, G.J. (2000). Obituaries: Raymond B. Cattell and Hans J. Eysenck. Multivariate Experimental Clinical Research, 12, i-vi.
- ^ Haggbloom, S. J. (2002). "The 100 most eminent psychologists of the 20th century". Review of General Psychology. 6 (2): 139–152. doi:10.1037/1089-2680.6.2.139. S2CID 145668721.
- ^ a b c d O'Grady, Cathleen (15 July 2020). "Misconduct allegations push psychology hero off his pedestal". Science | AAAS. Retrieved 24 July 2020.
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
Enquirywas invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Cite error: The named reference
Boseley 2019was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Marks, David F; Buchanan, Roderick D (January 2020). "King's College London's enquiry into Hans J Eysenck's 'Unsafe' publications must be properly completed". Journal of Health Psychology. 25 (1): 3–6. doi:10.1177/1359105319887791. PMID 31841048.
- ^ a b Rose, Steven (7 August 2010). "Hans Eysenck's controversial career". The Lancet. 376 (9739): 407–408. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(10)61207-X. ISSN 0140-6736. S2CID 54303305. Retrieved 24 March 2022.
- ^ a b Colman, Andrew M. (December 2016). "Race differences in IQ: Hans Eysenck's contribution to the debate in the light of subsequent research". Personality and Individual Differences. 103: 182–189. doi:10.1016/j.paid.2016.04.050. hdl:2381/37768.
To many people, Hans Eysenck's name is principally associated with certain claims that he first published in 1971 about the heritability of intelligence and race differences in IQ scores.