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| Legio V Macedonica | |
|---|---|
 Map of the Roman empire in AD 125, under emperor Hadrian, showing the LEGIO V MACEDONICA, stationed on the river Danube at Troesmis (Romania), in Moesia Inferior province, from AD 107 to 161 | |
| Active | 43 BC to sometime in the 7th century |
| Country | Roman Republic, Roman Empire, East Roman Empire |
| Type | Roman legion (Marian) later a comitatensis unit |
| Role | Infantry assault (some cavalry support) |
| Size | Varied over unit lifetime. 5,000–6,000 men during Principate |
| Garrison/HQ | Macedonia (30 BC–6) Oescus, Moesia (6–62) Oescus (71–101) Troesmis, Dacia (107–161) Potaissa, Dacia Porolissensis (166–274) Oescus (274–5th century) |
| Nickname(s) | possibly Urbana and/or Gallica (before 31 BC) Macedonica, "Macedonia" (since AD 6) Pia Fidelis, "faithful and loyal", or Pia Constans, "faithful and reliable" (since 185–7) Pia III Fidelis III (under Valerian) Pia VII Fidelis VII (under Gallienus) |
| Mascot(s) | Bull and eagle |
| Engagements | Battle of Actium (31 BC) Corbulo Parthian campaign (63) First Jewish-Roman War (66–70) Trajan's Dacian Wars (101–106) Verus Parthian campaign (161–166) Muslim conquest of Egypt (639-646) (unknown, evidence point towards the unit's presence during the conquest) vexillationes of the 5th participated in many other campaigns. |
Legio V Macedonica (the Fifth Macedonian Legion) was a Roman legion. It was probably originally levied in 43 BC by consul Gaius Vibius Pansa Caetronianus and Gaius Julius Caesar Octavianus (later known as the Emperor Augustus). It was based in the Balkan provinces of Macedonia, Moesia and Dacia. In the Notitia Dignitatum records from beginning of the fifth century, the legion was still stationed in Dacia, with detachments stationed in the east and Egypt.
The last known evidence shows the legion, or detachments from it, stationed in Egypt in the seventh century one or two years before the Islamic conquest of Egypt. It is often assumed that the legion fought in this war and was destroyed, although it is uncertain whether detachments or the whole legion were in Egypt, and there is no further evidence of the legion's eventual fate.
Its symbol was the bull, but the eagle was used as well.